<p>The sound of waterfalls is vital in shaping the soundscape of public leisure spaces, such as urban parks. This study explores the perception patterns of small-scale, single-stage waterfall sounds. Using a laboratory waterfall apparatus, sound samples were collected and analyzed under various conditions. Integrating subjective evaluations allowed us to examine the relationships between waterfall parameters, psychoacoustic metrics, and perceptual responses. Recommendations for achieving favorable waterfall sounds are provided. The results show that drop height, flow rate, and impact material significantly influence the acoustic characteristics of waterfall sounds. Generally, greater drop height and flow rate lead to increased loudness and sharpness of the sound produced by waterfall, while resulting in only minor and irregular variations in roughness. When the flow rate is low, waterfalls impacting water produce greater loudness and roughness than those impacting other materials. At high flow rates, impact with gravel produces a higher sharpness. Subjective evaluations are most strongly influenced by loudness, followed by sharpness, and then roughness. Higher loudness or sharpness leads to more negative ratings, while greater roughness results in more positive ratings. To achieve an aesthetically pleasing waterfall sound, it is recommended to prioritize water as the impact material, followed by monolithic stone, and that gravel is avoided. When using water or gravel as the impact material, a low flow rate is advisable. When monolithic stone is used, a low flow rate is recommended for high drop heights and a high flow rate for low drop heights. This study provides theoretical support for designing of waterfall soundscapes in urban spaces, offering practical solutions for improving urban acoustic quality and enhancing residents’ living experience.</p>