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Background <p>Wound healing is a complex physiological process involving inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling stages. Infection, particularly surgical site infections (SSIs), can significantly disrupt this cascade, leading to prolonged recovery and higher healthcare costs. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has emerged as a promising non-thermal technique for wound sterilization and tissue regeneration due to its ability to generate bioactive reactive species without thermal damage.</p> Methods <p>We developed a dual-mode atmospheric plasma system integrating dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and jet plasma reactors to target specific phases of wound healing. Using 3D-printed components and high-voltage power supplies, we optimized each reactor for bactericidal and regenerative performance. Physical characterizations included thermal, electrical, and spectral analysis of plasma emissions. Biological evaluations involved antimicrobial efficacy tests on clinically relevant pathogens (<i>E. coli</i>,<i> S. aureus</i>, CRAB, MRSA, <i>C.albicans</i>), MTT assays for cytotoxicity, and scratch assays using L929 murine fibroblasts to assess proliferation and migration.</p> Results <p>The DBD plasma system achieved effective microbial inactivation within 60&#xa0;s, with minimal heat generation (&lt; 5&#xa0;°C increase) and low power consumption (0.18&#xa0;W). Jet plasma exposure significantly enhanced fibroblast proliferation (&gt; 109%) and migration (&gt; 88% coverage) under optimized conditions. Spectral analysis confirmed the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species relevant to both sterilization and regenerative functions. Both systems demonstrated stable electrical characteristics and thermal safety, supporting their suitability for biomedical use.</p> Conclusion <p>Our study presents a novel dual-reactor CAP device tailored to support different wound healing phases by combining bactericidal action and regenerative stimulation. The integrated system is energy-efficient, safe, and biologically effective, providing a foundation for further clinical translation in plasma medicine and advanced wound care therapies.</p>

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Development and Evaluation of a Dual-Mode Cold Atmospheric Plasma System for Stage-Specific Wound Healing Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月28日

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  • Ching-Yuan Lin,
  • Dong-Jin Li,
  • Yu-Shen Chen,
  • Chia-Wei Hsu,
  • Mohd Yaqub Khan,
  • Ming-Chen Wang

摘要

Background

Wound healing is a complex physiological process involving inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling stages. Infection, particularly surgical site infections (SSIs), can significantly disrupt this cascade, leading to prolonged recovery and higher healthcare costs. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has emerged as a promising non-thermal technique for wound sterilization and tissue regeneration due to its ability to generate bioactive reactive species without thermal damage.

Methods

We developed a dual-mode atmospheric plasma system integrating dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and jet plasma reactors to target specific phases of wound healing. Using 3D-printed components and high-voltage power supplies, we optimized each reactor for bactericidal and regenerative performance. Physical characterizations included thermal, electrical, and spectral analysis of plasma emissions. Biological evaluations involved antimicrobial efficacy tests on clinically relevant pathogens (E. coli, S. aureus, CRAB, MRSA, C.albicans), MTT assays for cytotoxicity, and scratch assays using L929 murine fibroblasts to assess proliferation and migration.

Results

The DBD plasma system achieved effective microbial inactivation within 60 s, with minimal heat generation (< 5 °C increase) and low power consumption (0.18 W). Jet plasma exposure significantly enhanced fibroblast proliferation (> 109%) and migration (> 88% coverage) under optimized conditions. Spectral analysis confirmed the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species relevant to both sterilization and regenerative functions. Both systems demonstrated stable electrical characteristics and thermal safety, supporting their suitability for biomedical use.

Conclusion

Our study presents a novel dual-reactor CAP device tailored to support different wound healing phases by combining bactericidal action and regenerative stimulation. The integrated system is energy-efficient, safe, and biologically effective, providing a foundation for further clinical translation in plasma medicine and advanced wound care therapies.