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<p>The integration of photonic and electronic systems is key to advancing next-generation communication, computing, and sensing technologies. Traditional two-terminal optoelectronic devices, while widely used, are limited by their physical architecture. Here, we present a GaN-based noncarrier injection diode (GaN-NID) having transistor-like characteristics. In this GaN-NID, UV light serves as the “source” input, optical output as the “drain” signal, and an AC gate voltage (amplitude and frequency) amplifies the output light intensity in real-time. An optical gain under the AC gate bias can be obtained. A mechanism of photon-assisted confined electron oscillation for enhancing noncarrier injection is proposed. As proof of application concept, we demonstrate real-time modulation and ASCII-encoded data transmission in an optical wireless communication setup. Additionally, by adjusting the amplitude and phase of dual-gate signals, a single device performs all four fundamental Boolean logic functions (NOT, AND, OR, XOR). This work establishes the GaN-NID as a promising platform for integrated optoelectronic systems, providing a pathway to more efficient, multifunctional photonic circuits and advancing the future of integrated photonic technologies.</p>

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Transistor-like dual-mode diode for optical modulation and logic computation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Wei Huang,
  • Shuqian Zhang,
  • Wenhao Li,
  • Junlong Li,
  • Hao Su,
  • Jiawen Qiu,
  • Kun Wang,
  • Zhixian Lin,
  • Xiongtu Zhou,
  • Yongai Zhang,
  • Chaoxing Wu

摘要

The integration of photonic and electronic systems is key to advancing next-generation communication, computing, and sensing technologies. Traditional two-terminal optoelectronic devices, while widely used, are limited by their physical architecture. Here, we present a GaN-based noncarrier injection diode (GaN-NID) having transistor-like characteristics. In this GaN-NID, UV light serves as the “source” input, optical output as the “drain” signal, and an AC gate voltage (amplitude and frequency) amplifies the output light intensity in real-time. An optical gain under the AC gate bias can be obtained. A mechanism of photon-assisted confined electron oscillation for enhancing noncarrier injection is proposed. As proof of application concept, we demonstrate real-time modulation and ASCII-encoded data transmission in an optical wireless communication setup. Additionally, by adjusting the amplitude and phase of dual-gate signals, a single device performs all four fundamental Boolean logic functions (NOT, AND, OR, XOR). This work establishes the GaN-NID as a promising platform for integrated optoelectronic systems, providing a pathway to more efficient, multifunctional photonic circuits and advancing the future of integrated photonic technologies.