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<p>Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are pivotal for large-scale energy storage, with membranes serving as critical components for ion conduction and active species separation. This review systematically explores the mechanisms, rational design strategies, and applications of advanced RFB membranes. First, fundamental mechanisms of ion transport including proton conduction, size/charge sieving, and degradation pathways (acid/oxidation-induced failure) are dissected. Rational design strategies encompass material innovations (e.g., amphoteric ion-exchange membranes, 2D material-based membranes), structural engineering (microphase separation regulation, gradient pore structure design) to optimize selectivity, conductivity, and chemical/mechanical stability. Applications in RFB systems, including vanadium, zinc-based, and multivalent metal flow batteries are discussed, highlighting membrane-performance correlations and practical challenges. Current bottlenecks, such as the selectivity-conductivity trade-off, cost, and scalability, are identified, alongside future directions including biomimetic ion channels, sustainable materials, and integrated system-level optimization. This review aims to guide the development of high-performance, cost-effective membranes for next-generation RFBs toward commercial deployment.</p>

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Advanced membranes for redox flow batteries: from mechanism and rational design to applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Hui Xu,
  • Sheng-Jia Dai,
  • Ming-Yu Zhou,
  • Yi-Xuan Zhu,
  • Xian-Xiang Zeng,
  • Wei Ling,
  • Xiong-Wei Wu,
  • Yu-Ping Wu

摘要

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are pivotal for large-scale energy storage, with membranes serving as critical components for ion conduction and active species separation. This review systematically explores the mechanisms, rational design strategies, and applications of advanced RFB membranes. First, fundamental mechanisms of ion transport including proton conduction, size/charge sieving, and degradation pathways (acid/oxidation-induced failure) are dissected. Rational design strategies encompass material innovations (e.g., amphoteric ion-exchange membranes, 2D material-based membranes), structural engineering (microphase separation regulation, gradient pore structure design) to optimize selectivity, conductivity, and chemical/mechanical stability. Applications in RFB systems, including vanadium, zinc-based, and multivalent metal flow batteries are discussed, highlighting membrane-performance correlations and practical challenges. Current bottlenecks, such as the selectivity-conductivity trade-off, cost, and scalability, are identified, alongside future directions including biomimetic ion channels, sustainable materials, and integrated system-level optimization. This review aims to guide the development of high-performance, cost-effective membranes for next-generation RFBs toward commercial deployment.