<p>Hydrogels show promising applications in biomedical fields (e.g., drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound dressings) due to their excellent biocompatibility, high water content, and tunable physicochemical properties. However, traditional hydrogels are susceptible to swelling in physiological environments, leading to mechanical property degradation, structural destabilization, and functional failure, which severely limit their applications. In recent years, the stability of anti-swelling hydrogels in humid environments has been significantly improved through the introduction of hydrophobic interactions, enhanced cross-linking densities, nanocomposite structures, and other strategies, and this stability is of great importance for the application of hydrogels in human physiological environments. This review summarizes the common preparation strategies of anti-swelling hydrogels and the latest progress of their applications in biomedical fields. The advantages and future development directions (e.g., smart responsiveness, multifunctional integration) of anti-swelling hydrogels applied in biomedical fields are discussed, aiming to provide theoretical guidance and technical references for the development of the next generation of high-performance medical gel materials.</p>