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<p>Piezoelectric materials are widely utilized in sensors, actuators, and transducers for electro-mechanical conversion. Conventional materials have limited piezoelectric response (piezoelectric coefficient <i>d</i><sub>33</sub> &lt; 4000 pC N<sup>−1</sup>), as well as a mutual restriction between properties and working temperature. Our research demonstrates that the limitation and restriction can be removed by designing piezoelectric metamaterials based on flexoelectricity. We enhance the flexoelectric response of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics by 25 times compared with the highest reported results via reduction sintering. The BaTiO<sub>3</sub> piezoelectric metamaterials exhibit a large effective <i>d</i><sub>33</sub> &gt; 20000 pC N<sup>−1</sup> and no depoling above Curie temperature. The giant <i>μ</i><sub>eff</sub> is generated by spontaneously polarized surface layers and a negative capacitance amplification effect, caused by the defect inhomogeneity formed during sintering. These findings open up new possibilities for designing high-performance piezoelectric materials with extended working temperatures.</p>

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Semiconductive flexoelectric piezoelectric metamaterials with strong electromechanical response

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月10日

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  • Dongxia Tian,
  • Baoju Xia,
  • Yagang Qi,
  • Xiongxin Guo,
  • Xu Yang,
  • Xinnan Shi,
  • Baojin Chu

摘要

Piezoelectric materials are widely utilized in sensors, actuators, and transducers for electro-mechanical conversion. Conventional materials have limited piezoelectric response (piezoelectric coefficient d33 < 4000 pC N−1), as well as a mutual restriction between properties and working temperature. Our research demonstrates that the limitation and restriction can be removed by designing piezoelectric metamaterials based on flexoelectricity. We enhance the flexoelectric response of BaTiO3 ceramics by 25 times compared with the highest reported results via reduction sintering. The BaTiO3 piezoelectric metamaterials exhibit a large effective d33 > 20000 pC N−1 and no depoling above Curie temperature. The giant μeff is generated by spontaneously polarized surface layers and a negative capacitance amplification effect, caused by the defect inhomogeneity formed during sintering. These findings open up new possibilities for designing high-performance piezoelectric materials with extended working temperatures.