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<p>Due to their biocompatibility, low operating voltage, and substantial signal amplification capability, ion-selective organic electrochemical transistors (IS-OECTs) show tremendous potential for biofluid-related ion detections. However, IS-OECT performances are severely limited by the nonlinear correlation of effective ion-selective membranes (ISMs) potential and effective gate bias demonstrating maximum transconductance (<i>g</i><sub>m</sub>), which results in tremendously unstable and degraded current sensitivity (<i>S</i><sub>I</sub>) in wide ion concentration ranges. Here, by introducing gate bias modulation to ensure the IS-OECTs yield consistent high <i>g</i><sub>m</sub> in all ion concentration subranges, a wider detection range and an ultrahigh sensitivity can be simultaneously achieved. Specifically, ascribed to the gate bias modulated from 0.7 to 0.95 V, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-IS-OECTs based on small footprint (640 µm<sup>2</sup>) n-type vertical OECTs (vOECTs) possess approximately 3 mA/dec over a wide ionic range of 10<sup>−5</sup> to 10<sup>−1</sup> M, respectively, which is the highest <i>S</i><sub>I</sub> when compared to ever reported for Ca<sup>2+</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ion-sensitive transistors. This work introduces a general approach for ultrahigh sensitivity and wide detection range IS-OECTs, and could be extended to other transistor-based biomolecule and ion sensors, offering valuable insights for advancing high-performance bioelectronics.</p>

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Balanced sensitivity and detection range in ion-selective OECTs by gate bias modulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月4日

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  • Kun Xu,
  • Zhongyou Lu,
  • Yixin Zhou,
  • Yujing Zhang,
  • Li Wang,
  • Dan Zhao,
  • Jianhua Chen,
  • Liang-Wen Feng,
  • Yuhua Cheng,
  • Libing Bai,
  • Wei Huang

摘要

Due to their biocompatibility, low operating voltage, and substantial signal amplification capability, ion-selective organic electrochemical transistors (IS-OECTs) show tremendous potential for biofluid-related ion detections. However, IS-OECT performances are severely limited by the nonlinear correlation of effective ion-selective membranes (ISMs) potential and effective gate bias demonstrating maximum transconductance (gm), which results in tremendously unstable and degraded current sensitivity (SI) in wide ion concentration ranges. Here, by introducing gate bias modulation to ensure the IS-OECTs yield consistent high gm in all ion concentration subranges, a wider detection range and an ultrahigh sensitivity can be simultaneously achieved. Specifically, ascribed to the gate bias modulated from 0.7 to 0.95 V, Ca2+ and NH4+-IS-OECTs based on small footprint (640 µm2) n-type vertical OECTs (vOECTs) possess approximately 3 mA/dec over a wide ionic range of 10−5 to 10−1 M, respectively, which is the highest SI when compared to ever reported for Ca2+ and NH4+ ion-sensitive transistors. This work introduces a general approach for ultrahigh sensitivity and wide detection range IS-OECTs, and could be extended to other transistor-based biomolecule and ion sensors, offering valuable insights for advancing high-performance bioelectronics.