<p>Let <i>G</i> be a finite simple graph on the vertex set <i>V</i>(<i>G</i>) and let <i>r</i> be a positive integer. We consider the hypergraph <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1897_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{Con}_r(G)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>Con</mtext> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> whose vertices are the vertices of <i>G</i> and the (hyper)edges are all <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1897_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="76" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A\subseteq V(G)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>⊆</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1897_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="83" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|A|=r+1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the induced subgraph <i>G</i>[<i>A</i>] is connected. The (hyper)edge ideal <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1897_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I_r(G)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1897_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{Con}_r(G)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>Con</mtext> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is also the Stanley-Reisner ideal of a generalisation of the independence complex of <i>G</i>, called the <i>r</i>-independence complex <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1897_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="57" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{Ind}_r(G)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>Ind</mtext> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this article we make extensive use of the Mayer-Vietoris sequence to find the graded Betti numbers of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1897_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="83" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I_r(G_1*G_2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in terms of the graded Betti numbers of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1897_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I_r(G_1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1897_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I_r(G_2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1897_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="57" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G_1*G_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the join of <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1897_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1897_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Moreover, we find formulas for the graded Betti numbers and the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1897_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I_r(G)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when <i>G</i> is a complete graph, complete multipartite graph, cycle graph, and the wheel graph.</p>

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Graded Betti Numbers of a Hyperedge Ideal Associated to Join of Graphs

  • Amit Roy,
  • Sourav Kanti Patra

摘要

Let G be a finite simple graph on the vertex set V(G) and let r be a positive integer. We consider the hypergraph \(\textrm{Con}_r(G)\) Con r ( G ) whose vertices are the vertices of G and the (hyper)edges are all \(A\subseteq V(G)\) A V ( G ) such that \(|A|=r+1\) | A | = r + 1 and the induced subgraph G[A] is connected. The (hyper)edge ideal \(I_r(G)\) I r ( G ) of \(\textrm{Con}_r(G)\) Con r ( G ) is also the Stanley-Reisner ideal of a generalisation of the independence complex of G, called the r-independence complex \(\textrm{Ind}_r(G)\) Ind r ( G ) . In this article we make extensive use of the Mayer-Vietoris sequence to find the graded Betti numbers of \(I_r(G_1*G_2)\) I r ( G 1 G 2 ) in terms of the graded Betti numbers of \(I_r(G_1)\) I r ( G 1 ) and \(I_r(G_2)\) I r ( G 2 ) , where \(G_1*G_2\) G 1 G 2 is the join of \(G_1\) G 1 and \(G_2\) G 2 . Moreover, we find formulas for the graded Betti numbers and the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of \(I_r(G)\) I r ( G ) when G is a complete graph, complete multipartite graph, cycle graph, and the wheel graph.