<p>This paper deals with the Neumann problem for a Keller-Segel system with rotational flux: <Equation ID="Equ59"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2024_1807_Article_Equ59.gif" Format="GIF" Height="43" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="313" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} {u_{t}=\Delta u-\nabla \cdot (uS_{\theta (x)}\nabla v)}, &amp; x\in \Omega ,\, t&gt;0,\\ {0=\Delta v-v+u}, &amp; x\in \Omega ,\, t&gt;0, \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2024_1807_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a smooth bounded domain in <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2024_1807_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2024_1807_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="41" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="219" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S_{\theta (x)}=\Big ( \begin{array}{cc} \cos \theta (x) &amp; -\sin \theta (x) \\ \sin \theta (x) &amp; \cos \theta (x) \end{array} \Big )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>cos</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mo>sin</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>sin</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>cos</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2024_1807_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2\times 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> matrix and the rotation angle satisfies that <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2024_1807_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="184" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(-\frac{\pi }{2}&lt;\theta _0 \leqslant \theta (x) \leqslant \theta _1&lt;\frac{\pi }{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mi>π</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>&lt;</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>⩽</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>⩽</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mfrac> <mi>π</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2024_1807_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="32" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta (x)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a Lipschitz continuous function. It is shown that for each <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2024_1807_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="135" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m &gt;\frac{8\pi }{\min \{\cos {\theta _0}, \cos {\theta _1}\}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>8</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo movablelimits="true">min</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mo>cos</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>cos</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, there exists a classical solution with <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2024_1807_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="117" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\int _{\Omega }u_0(x)\textrm{d}x=m\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which blows up at some interior points of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2024_1807_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in finite time; if <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2024_1807_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\partial \Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> contains a line segment <i>h</i>, then for each <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2024_1807_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="135" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m&gt;\frac{4\pi }{\min \{\cos {\theta _0}, \cos {\theta _1}\}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo movablelimits="true">min</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mo>cos</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>cos</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, there exists a classical solution with <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2024_1807_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="117" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\int _{\Omega }u_0(x)\textrm{d}x=m\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which blows up at some points on <i>h</i> in finite time.</p>

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Finite-Time Blow-Up in a 2D Keller-Segel System with Spatially Dependent Rotational Flux

  • Abdullah Daba,
  • Yuxiang Li,
  • Wanwan Wang

摘要

This paper deals with the Neumann problem for a Keller-Segel system with rotational flux: \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} {u_{t}=\Delta u-\nabla \cdot (uS_{\theta (x)}\nabla v)}, & x\in \Omega ,\, t>0,\\ {0=\Delta v-v+u}, & x\in \Omega ,\, t>0, \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}\) u t = Δ u - · ( u S θ ( x ) v ) , x Ω , t > 0 , 0 = Δ v - v + u , x Ω , t > 0 , where \(\Omega \) Ω is a smooth bounded domain in \(\mathbb {R}^2\) R 2 , \(S_{\theta (x)}=\Big ( \begin{array}{cc} \cos \theta (x) & -\sin \theta (x) \\ \sin \theta (x) & \cos \theta (x) \end{array} \Big )\) S θ ( x ) = ( cos θ ( x ) - sin θ ( x ) sin θ ( x ) cos θ ( x ) ) is a \(2\times 2\) 2 × 2 matrix and the rotation angle satisfies that \(-\frac{\pi }{2}<\theta _0 \leqslant \theta (x) \leqslant \theta _1<\frac{\pi }{2}\) - π 2 < θ 0 θ ( x ) θ 1 < π 2 , \(\theta (x)\) θ ( x ) is a Lipschitz continuous function. It is shown that for each \(m >\frac{8\pi }{\min \{\cos {\theta _0}, \cos {\theta _1}\}}\) m > 8 π min { cos θ 0 , cos θ 1 } , there exists a classical solution with \(\int _{\Omega }u_0(x)\textrm{d}x=m\) Ω u 0 ( x ) d x = m , which blows up at some interior points of \(\Omega \) Ω in finite time; if \(\partial \Omega \) Ω contains a line segment h, then for each \(m>\frac{4\pi }{\min \{\cos {\theta _0}, \cos {\theta _1}\}}\) m > 4 π min { cos θ 0 , cos θ 1 } , there exists a classical solution with \(\int _{\Omega }u_0(x)\textrm{d}x=m\) Ω u 0 ( x ) d x = m , which blows up at some points on h in finite time.