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<p>As a novel low-carbon blast furnace process, the oxygen blast furnace (OBF) offers advantages including low coke rate, low-carbon emissions, and high smelting efficiency, demonstrating significant potential in low-carbon ironmaking. The tuyere-injected and shaft-injected OBF (TI-SI-OBF), a technical branch of OBF, injects recycle gas simultaneously through both the shaft and hearth, effectively addressing the insufficient upper zone temperature in conventional OBF. This paper discusses the optimal height of the shaft tuyeres in the TI-SI-OBF. Detailed investigation of the smelting states and internal reduction processes under different shaft tuyere positions was conducted using a two-dimensional whole-furnace multi-fluid model. Results showed that increasing the shaft tuyere height from 0.2 L to 0.5 L (L being the shaft height) resulted in an increase in top gas temperature from 188.47 to 227.35&#xa0;°C, a decrease in hot metal production from 5962.9 t/d to 5538.6 t/d, and an increase in coke rate from 219&#xa0;kg/tHM to 237.1&#xa0;kg/tHM. During the FeO → Fe reduction stage, the H₂ contribution ratio diminished from 65.52 to 62.42% while the CO contribution ratio increased from 34.48 to 37.58%; the CO utilization ratio decreased from 54.90 to 47.33% whereas the H<sub>2</sub> utilization ratio increased from 26.07 to 28.24%. Coke consumption via the combustion reaction increased from 95.67 to 107.86&#xa0;kg/tHM, consumption via the carbon solution loss reaction decreased from 27.75 to 21.51&#xa0;kg/tHM, and consumption via the water–gas reaction increased from 22.30 to 29.60&#xa0;kg/tHM. Overall, the suitable shaft tuyere height should be maintained around 0.2 L.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Impact of Shaft Tuyere Elevation on CO–H2 Competitive Reduction and Carbon-Saving Potential in Low-Carbon TI-SI-OBF

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Zhang Zedong,
  • Tang Jue,
  • Chu Mansheng

摘要

As a novel low-carbon blast furnace process, the oxygen blast furnace (OBF) offers advantages including low coke rate, low-carbon emissions, and high smelting efficiency, demonstrating significant potential in low-carbon ironmaking. The tuyere-injected and shaft-injected OBF (TI-SI-OBF), a technical branch of OBF, injects recycle gas simultaneously through both the shaft and hearth, effectively addressing the insufficient upper zone temperature in conventional OBF. This paper discusses the optimal height of the shaft tuyeres in the TI-SI-OBF. Detailed investigation of the smelting states and internal reduction processes under different shaft tuyere positions was conducted using a two-dimensional whole-furnace multi-fluid model. Results showed that increasing the shaft tuyere height from 0.2 L to 0.5 L (L being the shaft height) resulted in an increase in top gas temperature from 188.47 to 227.35 °C, a decrease in hot metal production from 5962.9 t/d to 5538.6 t/d, and an increase in coke rate from 219 kg/tHM to 237.1 kg/tHM. During the FeO → Fe reduction stage, the H₂ contribution ratio diminished from 65.52 to 62.42% while the CO contribution ratio increased from 34.48 to 37.58%; the CO utilization ratio decreased from 54.90 to 47.33% whereas the H2 utilization ratio increased from 26.07 to 28.24%. Coke consumption via the combustion reaction increased from 95.67 to 107.86 kg/tHM, consumption via the carbon solution loss reaction decreased from 27.75 to 21.51 kg/tHM, and consumption via the water–gas reaction increased from 22.30 to 29.60 kg/tHM. Overall, the suitable shaft tuyere height should be maintained around 0.2 L.

Graphical Abstract