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<p>The lower adjustment of a blast furnace affects its lower section’s working conditions, smelting characteristics, and carbon emissions, with the tuyere structure being a key factor. Therefore, a 60° periodic symmetry 3D model considering multiple phases is developed to investigate the effects of different tuyere structure parameters, such as tuyere insertion depth, angle, and diameter, on the blast furnace. The results indicate that changing the tuyere insertion depth and angle affects the local temperature of the blast furnace. The overall temperature of the blast furnace increases by 2.17% when the tuyere diameter is decreased by 20&#xa0;mm. The increase in tuyere insertion depth or angle is beneficial to the improvement of gas utilization ratio and metallization ratio, but aggravates the solution loss of coke. When the diameter of the tuyere is decreased by 20&#xa0;mm, the CO utilization ratio and metallization ratio increase by 3.04% and 2.53%, respectively. A heat and mass balance model has been used to analyze the carbon emission reduction of blast furnace. It proves that increasing the insertion depth and angle of the tuyere, or decreasing the diameter, could be beneficial in decreasing the coke rate and carbon emission.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Effects of Tuyere Structure Parameters on Blast Furnace Smelting Characteristics and Carbon Emissions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Wang Zeng,
  • Yunpeng Si,
  • Zhixiong Xu,
  • Yi Li,
  • Heng Zhou,
  • Shengli Wu,
  • Mingyin Kou

摘要

The lower adjustment of a blast furnace affects its lower section’s working conditions, smelting characteristics, and carbon emissions, with the tuyere structure being a key factor. Therefore, a 60° periodic symmetry 3D model considering multiple phases is developed to investigate the effects of different tuyere structure parameters, such as tuyere insertion depth, angle, and diameter, on the blast furnace. The results indicate that changing the tuyere insertion depth and angle affects the local temperature of the blast furnace. The overall temperature of the blast furnace increases by 2.17% when the tuyere diameter is decreased by 20 mm. The increase in tuyere insertion depth or angle is beneficial to the improvement of gas utilization ratio and metallization ratio, but aggravates the solution loss of coke. When the diameter of the tuyere is decreased by 20 mm, the CO utilization ratio and metallization ratio increase by 3.04% and 2.53%, respectively. A heat and mass balance model has been used to analyze the carbon emission reduction of blast furnace. It proves that increasing the insertion depth and angle of the tuyere, or decreasing the diameter, could be beneficial in decreasing the coke rate and carbon emission.

Graphical Abstract