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<p>The sustainable separation of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) from ilmenite is critical for advancing eco-friendly metallurgy and enhancing resource utilization in ilmenite-rich regions like South Africa. This study evaluates a hydrometallurgical process combining acid leaching and separation techniques to recover high-purity TiO<sub>2</sub>, addressing the persistent challenge of iron (Fe)-titanium (Ti) dissociation. Leaching with sulfuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) and phosphoric acid (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>), augmented by hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), demonstrated that H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> with 15–20 vol% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> achieved high Ti dissolution (81–85%) while suppressing Fe co-dissolution to &lt; 1.0%. In contrast, H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> yielded limited Ti recovery (≤ 50%) due to weaker acidity and complexation effects. Three separation methods, selective precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion-exchange resins were systematically assessed. Sodium tributylphosphate (NaTBP) precipitation achieved quantitative Ti precipitation (&gt; 99%) while left Fe in solution. Solvent extraction using 10% acetylacetone (acac) in 1-octanol emerged as the most viable technique, selectively extracting &gt; 97% Ti into the organic phase with a separation factor of 11 × 10<sup>5</sup> while retaining &gt; 99% Fe in the aqueous phase. Ion-exchange resins exhibited poor selectivity due to overlapping Ti/Fe elution profiles. The optimized H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-acac system offers a sustainable, efficient Ti recovery and minimal reagent complexity. These findings provide a foundation for further optimization of hydrometallurgical processes to sustainably produce high-purity TiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe derivatives.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Selective Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Titanium Dioxide from Ilmenite Using Acid-Peroxide Leaching and Chelation-Assisted Solvent Extraction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Yun Chen,
  • Hussain Fida,
  • Dongsheng He,
  • Herman Potgieter,
  • F.-Z. Cui,
  • El-Sayed R. E. Hassan

摘要

The sustainable separation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) from ilmenite is critical for advancing eco-friendly metallurgy and enhancing resource utilization in ilmenite-rich regions like South Africa. This study evaluates a hydrometallurgical process combining acid leaching and separation techniques to recover high-purity TiO2, addressing the persistent challenge of iron (Fe)-titanium (Ti) dissociation. Leaching with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4), augmented by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), demonstrated that H2SO4 with 15–20 vol% H2O2 achieved high Ti dissolution (81–85%) while suppressing Fe co-dissolution to < 1.0%. In contrast, H3PO4 yielded limited Ti recovery (≤ 50%) due to weaker acidity and complexation effects. Three separation methods, selective precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion-exchange resins were systematically assessed. Sodium tributylphosphate (NaTBP) precipitation achieved quantitative Ti precipitation (> 99%) while left Fe in solution. Solvent extraction using 10% acetylacetone (acac) in 1-octanol emerged as the most viable technique, selectively extracting > 97% Ti into the organic phase with a separation factor of 11 × 105 while retaining > 99% Fe in the aqueous phase. Ion-exchange resins exhibited poor selectivity due to overlapping Ti/Fe elution profiles. The optimized H2SO4–H2O2-acac system offers a sustainable, efficient Ti recovery and minimal reagent complexity. These findings provide a foundation for further optimization of hydrometallurgical processes to sustainably produce high-purity TiO2 and Fe derivatives.

Graphical Abstract