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<p>This research was conducted to study the effect of adding Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to CaO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub> glass–ceramic. The addition of Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> led to significant improvements in density, Vickers hardness, water absorption, and corrosion resistance, with optimal results observed when adding 2 wt.% Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The enhanced properties were attributed to increased crystallization, refinement of the crystalline phases, and improved microstructure uniformity. However, an excessive addition of Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (3 wt.%) resulted in oversaturation, inhibiting further crystallization and reducing the overall performance of the material. The findings demonstrate that Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> effectively acts as a nucleating agent for CaO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub> glass–ceramic, with an optimal content of 2 wt.% for improved material properties.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Investigation of Crystallization, Structure, and Properties of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 Glass–Ceramics with Sb2O3 as a Nucleating Agent

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月24日

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  • Majid Bagheri,
  • Mostafa Karamouz

摘要

This research was conducted to study the effect of adding Sb2O3 to CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass–ceramic. The addition of Sb2O3 led to significant improvements in density, Vickers hardness, water absorption, and corrosion resistance, with optimal results observed when adding 2 wt.% Sb2O3. The enhanced properties were attributed to increased crystallization, refinement of the crystalline phases, and improved microstructure uniformity. However, an excessive addition of Sb2O3 (3 wt.%) resulted in oversaturation, inhibiting further crystallization and reducing the overall performance of the material. The findings demonstrate that Sb2O3 effectively acts as a nucleating agent for CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass–ceramic, with an optimal content of 2 wt.% for improved material properties.

Graphical Abstract