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<p>To address the critical issue of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions from industrial silicon smelting, this study systematically examined the combined effects of carbonaceous reductants and impurity elements on SO₂ generation through an analysis of 150&#xa0;days of continuous production data from a silicon plant. Petroleum-coke was identified as the primary contributor to SO₂ emissions. In composite reductant formulations, a 7% increase in charcoal content had a 1.8 times greater effect on SO₂ concentration compared with a 7% reduction in coal, while increasing the semi-coke ratio consistently reduced emissions. Additionally, scaled to the global silicon production of ~ 9 million tons in 2023, the application of low-sulfur composite reductant technology corresponded to an annual mitigation potential of 230,000–370,000 tons of SO₂. This was equivalent to an 18–29% reduction in global emissions. Impurities exhibited complex regulatory effects on sulfur transformation: iron, aluminum, titanium, and phosphorus suppressed SO₂ formation, whereas calcium, nickel, and vanadium promoted it, with notable synergistic and antagonistic interactions. This study provided a theoretical foundation for mitigating SO₂ emissions in industrial silicon smelting, offering both environmental benefits and industrial relevance.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Low-Sulfur Composite Reductants and Impurity Effect on Sulfur Dioxide Mitigation in Industrial Silicon Smelting: A Plant-Scale Mechanistic Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月2日

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  • Lin Wang,
  • Zhengjie Chen,
  • Meng Liu,
  • Yaopan Hu,
  • Chenguang Han,
  • Zhongyi Zhang,
  • Wenhui Ma

摘要

To address the critical issue of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions from industrial silicon smelting, this study systematically examined the combined effects of carbonaceous reductants and impurity elements on SO₂ generation through an analysis of 150 days of continuous production data from a silicon plant. Petroleum-coke was identified as the primary contributor to SO₂ emissions. In composite reductant formulations, a 7% increase in charcoal content had a 1.8 times greater effect on SO₂ concentration compared with a 7% reduction in coal, while increasing the semi-coke ratio consistently reduced emissions. Additionally, scaled to the global silicon production of ~ 9 million tons in 2023, the application of low-sulfur composite reductant technology corresponded to an annual mitigation potential of 230,000–370,000 tons of SO₂. This was equivalent to an 18–29% reduction in global emissions. Impurities exhibited complex regulatory effects on sulfur transformation: iron, aluminum, titanium, and phosphorus suppressed SO₂ formation, whereas calcium, nickel, and vanadium promoted it, with notable synergistic and antagonistic interactions. This study provided a theoretical foundation for mitigating SO₂ emissions in industrial silicon smelting, offering both environmental benefits and industrial relevance.

Graphical Abstract