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<p>The sustainable extraction of antimony, addressing both economic and environmental challenges, is a subject of extensive research. Herein, this study proposes a hydrometallurgical circulating method for antimony extraction from stibnite. First, the effectual factors of the leaching process of stibnite in HCl-FeCl<sub>3</sub> media, including time (30–90&#xa0;min), FeCl<sub>3</sub> concentration (70–110&#xa0;g/L), and temperature (30–70&#xa0;°C), were examined by applying response surface methodology coupled with central composite design. The proposed model was validated by carrying out confirmation runs under the suggested conditions. Subsequently, the PLS obtained by optimized leaching condition was cemented with various amounts (1.10–2.30&#xa0;g) of Fe powder. High-purity antimony with an appropriate recovery was obtained in the optimum condition. Furthermore, elemental and structural characterization was conducted on ore, solid leaching residue, and cemented powder samples using field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Finally, the depleted solution was regenerated for the extraction process by adding varying amounts (1.2–3.2&#xa0;mL) of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, resulting in a comparable antimony recovery and promising method for closed-loop extraction of antimony.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Development of a Closed-Loop Hydrometallurgical Process for Sustainable Antimony Ore Extraction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月30日

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  • Mohammadsepehr Eshtiaghi,
  • Seyed Hadi Tabaian

摘要

The sustainable extraction of antimony, addressing both economic and environmental challenges, is a subject of extensive research. Herein, this study proposes a hydrometallurgical circulating method for antimony extraction from stibnite. First, the effectual factors of the leaching process of stibnite in HCl-FeCl3 media, including time (30–90 min), FeCl3 concentration (70–110 g/L), and temperature (30–70 °C), were examined by applying response surface methodology coupled with central composite design. The proposed model was validated by carrying out confirmation runs under the suggested conditions. Subsequently, the PLS obtained by optimized leaching condition was cemented with various amounts (1.10–2.30 g) of Fe powder. High-purity antimony with an appropriate recovery was obtained in the optimum condition. Furthermore, elemental and structural characterization was conducted on ore, solid leaching residue, and cemented powder samples using field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Finally, the depleted solution was regenerated for the extraction process by adding varying amounts (1.2–3.2 mL) of H2O2, resulting in a comparable antimony recovery and promising method for closed-loop extraction of antimony.

Graphical Abstract