A Sustainable Way to Produce Mn-Sinter with Charcoal
摘要
Biocarbon is a suitable replacement to traditional coke because it is a promising approach to reduce CO2 emissions and it is compatible with current metallurgical processes, where solid materials are favored. The industrial-scale use of biocarbon in manganese ore sintering remains rare or largely unexplored. In this study, manganese sinters were produced using charcoal in a sintering pot, with particular emphasis on its impact on the physical properties and phase composition of sinters. The results demonstrate that substituting coke with charcoal can produce sinters of comparable/higher quality and productivity than those made exclusively using coke breeze, provided the charcoal content does not exceed 30%. It is considered that the manganese oxides are existing in the forms of Mn3O4 and MnO in the sinter. Three distinct phases were identified based on their different morphological features from phase characterization. The first phase consists of (Mn,Fe)O and (Mn,Fe)3O4, and the second phase is an Al2O3-rich phase containing Mn-oxides, while the third phase is a manganese-containing silicate ((Mn,Fe)2SiO4). The strength of sinter was also discussed; the results show that the strength first decreases and then increases with increasing charcoal content. When the charcoal content is between 40 and 60%, the sinters exhibit a lower strength.
Graphical Abstract