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<p>Iron consists of a fundamental ferrous metal used in high technology. Iron is extracted from iron ore, predominantly hematite (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), the highest worldwide Fe-bearing mineral. It often contains impurities such as sulfur(S), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) which are harmful elements to be removed before ironmaking. These impurities harmfully affect the performance of steel making in blast furnace. Valuable lead and zinc elements can be volatilized, removed, and recovered during deep reduction roasting-magnetic separation process, while improving the iron grade of the concentrate. However, S remains in the roasted products and causes the hot brittleness during steel making. This research aims to eliminate the sulfur from S–Pb–Zn-bearing hematite through oxidative roasting as pre-treatment before reduction roasting. Hematite ore from Hejing in China was investigated by subjecting it to oxidative roasting, microscope analysis, phase-shifting interferometry analysis, Electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and chemical multi-elements analysis. The results showed that the raw ore sample has a total iron(TFe) of 47.04&#xa0;wt%, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (59.72 wt%), S (3.34 wt%), Pb (1.71 wt%), and Zn (1.25 wt%). The diffraction patterns of galena and pyrite gradually declined from raw to roasted sample, which indicates that sulfide minerals are completely oxidized at high temperatures. Under the roasting temperature and time of 1050&#xa0;°C and 60&#xa0;min, respectively, the sulfur content was reduced to 0.25%, and the total desulfurization rate of sulfur content and other low-valence sulfide minerals reached 92.51% and 98.64%, respectively.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Effective Sulfur Removal Mechanism of A Refractory S-Pb–Zn-bearing Hematite Ore Through a Sustainable Oxidation-Roasting Process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月19日

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  • J. Christophe Niyonzima,
  • Liqun Luo,
  • Huijie Xie,
  • Haisha Wang,
  • Theoneste Ndayiragije,
  • Seconde Ntiharirizwa

摘要

Iron consists of a fundamental ferrous metal used in high technology. Iron is extracted from iron ore, predominantly hematite (Fe2O3), the highest worldwide Fe-bearing mineral. It often contains impurities such as sulfur(S), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) which are harmful elements to be removed before ironmaking. These impurities harmfully affect the performance of steel making in blast furnace. Valuable lead and zinc elements can be volatilized, removed, and recovered during deep reduction roasting-magnetic separation process, while improving the iron grade of the concentrate. However, S remains in the roasted products and causes the hot brittleness during steel making. This research aims to eliminate the sulfur from S–Pb–Zn-bearing hematite through oxidative roasting as pre-treatment before reduction roasting. Hematite ore from Hejing in China was investigated by subjecting it to oxidative roasting, microscope analysis, phase-shifting interferometry analysis, Electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and chemical multi-elements analysis. The results showed that the raw ore sample has a total iron(TFe) of 47.04 wt%, Fe2O3 (59.72 wt%), S (3.34 wt%), Pb (1.71 wt%), and Zn (1.25 wt%). The diffraction patterns of galena and pyrite gradually declined from raw to roasted sample, which indicates that sulfide minerals are completely oxidized at high temperatures. Under the roasting temperature and time of 1050 °C and 60 min, respectively, the sulfur content was reduced to 0.25%, and the total desulfurization rate of sulfur content and other low-valence sulfide minerals reached 92.51% and 98.64%, respectively.

Graphical Abstract