Unraveling the Structure and Phase Transformation of Fiber-Textured β-(Au, Cu, Al) Shape Memory Thin Films by Multi-Axial X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
摘要
β-(Au, Cu, Al) shape memory thin films are promising materials for micro-scale actuator applications. In this study, the structural analysis of β-Au52Cu35Al13 shape memory thin films is complicated because of the strong < 022 > β fiber-texture that obscured most of the diffraction peaks. To unravel the structure of the phases, a multi-axial XRD analysis was performed by collecting 2θ–θ scans at different sample tilt angles (χ) and the data were collated into 2D maps (χ-2θ) to reveal the hidden peaks. From the χ-2θ maps, the martensite (M) phase was confirmed at room temperature and the parent (P) phase at 150 °C. The parent phase was indexed as an L21 structure while the martensite phase is nominally body-centered tetragonal (bct). The presence of additional peaks in the martensite phase suggests that it is modulated to a 4M or 4O structure. The phase transformation behavior was investigated in detail by in situ heating–cooling in XRD between 40 and 130 °C. The phase transformation is completely reversible with transformation temperatures of 80 °C (Ms) and 100 °C (Af) and a transformation hysteresis of 20 K. The residual stress evolution during the phase transformation revealed a stress relaxation and recovery of about 300 MPa, validating its suitability for micro-actuator applications.