Purpose of Review <p>This systematic review analyzes peer-reviewed literature to understand how traditional land management practices by Indigenous Peoples and local communities, and the multifunctional land-use systems associated with them, contribute to food security and the provision of ecosystem services in the Global South. The focus is on highlighting the critical role of these practices in developing multifunctional land-use systems that enhance environmental quality and human well-being while strengthening socio-ecological resilience.</p> Recent Findings <p>Findings show that traditional landscape management practices — such as agroforestry, low-impact extractivism, participatory biodiversity monitoring, and community-based water management — promote functional diversity, climate adaptation, and landscape multifunctionality. Nevertheless, despite their proven benefits, these practices remain only marginally incorporated into environmental governance frameworks.</p> Summary <p>The review discusses how mechanisms such as Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) and community-based bioeconomy initiatives, when aligned with land-use planning and ecological justice, can support traditional management practices. It emphasizes the need to integrate traditional knowledge with ecosystem-based approaches to build more resilient, equitable, and sustainable land-use governance in the tropics.</p>