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<p>Dynamic treatment represents the cornerstone of precision medicine. However, the development of closed-loop systems that respond to endogenous biomarkers remains challenging. Here, we report a dual-channel flexible electrocatalytic system (Pd-Ni<sub>5</sub>P<sub>4</sub>/DCEFS) integrated into a microneedle array that enables ultrasensitive real-time monitoring of nitric oxide (NO)—a key biomarker of wound inflammation—with a detection limit of 9.6&#xa0;nM, while simultaneously driving the hydrogen evolution reaction with a low overpotential of − 91.0&#xa0;mV at − 10&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup>. This integrated platform establishes a closed-loop sensing-feedback-intervention mechanism, enabling NO-guided on-demand hydrogen generation for precision anti-inflammatory treatment. In diabetic mouse skin wound models, this adaptive hydrogen production strategy markedly suppresses inflammation, promotes tissue regeneration, achieves substantial wound closure within 5&#xa0;days, and reduces the overall healing time to 11&#xa0;days. This study establishes a new paradigm for closed-loop dynamic treatment of inflammatory diseases and provides a critical foundation for next-generation self-adaptive therapeutic platforms in regenerative medicine.</p>

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Closed-Loop Synergistic Nitric Oxide/Hydrogen Delivery with Feedback Control for Diabetic Wound Healing

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Pengfei Wen,
  • Pan Luo,
  • Fuqiang Gao,
  • Mingyi Yang,
  • Junyou Li,
  • Zhi Yang

摘要

Dynamic treatment represents the cornerstone of precision medicine. However, the development of closed-loop systems that respond to endogenous biomarkers remains challenging. Here, we report a dual-channel flexible electrocatalytic system (Pd-Ni5P4/DCEFS) integrated into a microneedle array that enables ultrasensitive real-time monitoring of nitric oxide (NO)—a key biomarker of wound inflammation—with a detection limit of 9.6 nM, while simultaneously driving the hydrogen evolution reaction with a low overpotential of − 91.0 mV at − 10 mA cm−2. This integrated platform establishes a closed-loop sensing-feedback-intervention mechanism, enabling NO-guided on-demand hydrogen generation for precision anti-inflammatory treatment. In diabetic mouse skin wound models, this adaptive hydrogen production strategy markedly suppresses inflammation, promotes tissue regeneration, achieves substantial wound closure within 5 days, and reduces the overall healing time to 11 days. This study establishes a new paradigm for closed-loop dynamic treatment of inflammatory diseases and provides a critical foundation for next-generation self-adaptive therapeutic platforms in regenerative medicine.