<p>Recent advancements in Zn-halogen batteries have focused on enhancing the adsorptive or catalytic capability of host materials and stabilizing complex intermediates with electrolyte additives, while the halogen-ion electrolyte modifications exhibit strong potential for integrated interfacial regulation. Herein, we design an electrically insulating rigid electrolyte container to immobilize a liquid halogen-ion electrolyte for separator-free Zn-halogen batteries with customizable electron transfer. Robust hydrogen bonding of hydroxyl groups in SiO<sub>2</sub> with fluorinated moieties in PVDF-<i>hfp</i> regulates Zn<sup>2+</sup> solvation and suppresses H<sub>2</sub>O activity, while multi-channels formed by microcracks and interparticle gaps not only enhance mass transfer but also buffer interfacial electric field, jointly enabling a durable Zn plating/stripping. Effective confinement of intermediates also ensures the high reversibility across single-(I<sup>−</sup>/I<sup>0</sup>), double-(I<sup>−</sup>/I<sup>0</sup>/I⁺), and triple-(I<sup>−</sup>/I<sup>0</sup>/I⁺, Cl<sup>−</sup>/Cl<sup>0</sup>) electron transfer mechanisms at cathode, as evidenced by the double-electron transfer systems exhibiting a low capacity decay rate of 0.02‰ over 4500 cycles at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and a high areal capacity of 11.9 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup> at 2 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. This work presents a novel “container engineering” approach to halogen-ion electrolyte design and provides fundamental insights into the relationships between redox reversibility and reaction kinetics.</p>

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Electrically Insulating Rigid Multi-Channel Electrolyte Container for Customizable Electron Transfer in Zn-Halogen Batteries

  • Yifan Zhou,
  • Yicai Pan,
  • Yongqiang Yang,
  • Taghreed F. Altamimi,
  • Yunpeng Zhong,
  • Dalal A. Alshammari,
  • Zeinhom M. El-Bahy,
  • Shuquan Liang,
  • Jiang Zhou,
  • Xinxin Cao

摘要

Recent advancements in Zn-halogen batteries have focused on enhancing the adsorptive or catalytic capability of host materials and stabilizing complex intermediates with electrolyte additives, while the halogen-ion electrolyte modifications exhibit strong potential for integrated interfacial regulation. Herein, we design an electrically insulating rigid electrolyte container to immobilize a liquid halogen-ion electrolyte for separator-free Zn-halogen batteries with customizable electron transfer. Robust hydrogen bonding of hydroxyl groups in SiO2 with fluorinated moieties in PVDF-hfp regulates Zn2+ solvation and suppresses H2O activity, while multi-channels formed by microcracks and interparticle gaps not only enhance mass transfer but also buffer interfacial electric field, jointly enabling a durable Zn plating/stripping. Effective confinement of intermediates also ensures the high reversibility across single-(I/I0), double-(I/I0/I⁺), and triple-(I/I0/I⁺, Cl/Cl0) electron transfer mechanisms at cathode, as evidenced by the double-electron transfer systems exhibiting a low capacity decay rate of 0.02‰ over 4500 cycles at 10 mA cm−2 and a high areal capacity of 11.9 mAh cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2. This work presents a novel “container engineering” approach to halogen-ion electrolyte design and provides fundamental insights into the relationships between redox reversibility and reaction kinetics.