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<p>A major challenge for n–i–p structured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs) is the use of 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[<i>N,N</i>-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), a commonly used hole transport layer, which induces significant optical losses and consequently reduces device current. Herein, we propose an ultra-thin (10&#xa0;nm) vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE)-deposited spiro-OMeTAD, coupled with a 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction, to simultaneously enhance the optical and electrical properties of n–i–p perovskite/silicon TSCs. Our results demonstrate that the 10-nm-thick spiro-OMeTAD layer significantly improves optical performance, achieving a 92.2% reduction in parasitic absorption and an 18.4% decrease in reflection losses. Additionally, the incorporation of the 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction facilitates improved molecular arrangement and enhanced surface uniformity of the ultrathin spiro-OMeTAD, leading to higher tolerance to interface defects and more efficient hole extraction. Consequently, n–i–p perovskite/silicon TSCs featuring ultrathin spiro-OMeTAD exhibit remarkable efficiencies of 29.73% (0.135 cm<sup>2</sup>) and 28.77% (28.25% certified efficiency, 1.012 cm<sup>2</sup>), along with improved stability.</p>

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Dopant-Free Ultra-Thin Spiro-OMeTAD Enables Near 30%-Efficient n–i–p Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Xiangying Xue,
  • Weichuang Yang,
  • Zhiqin Ying,
  • Fangfang Cao,
  • Yuheng Zeng,
  • Zhenhai Yang,
  • Xi Yang,
  • Jichun Ye

摘要

A major challenge for n–i–p structured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs) is the use of 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), a commonly used hole transport layer, which induces significant optical losses and consequently reduces device current. Herein, we propose an ultra-thin (10 nm) vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE)-deposited spiro-OMeTAD, coupled with a 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction, to simultaneously enhance the optical and electrical properties of n–i–p perovskite/silicon TSCs. Our results demonstrate that the 10-nm-thick spiro-OMeTAD layer significantly improves optical performance, achieving a 92.2% reduction in parasitic absorption and an 18.4% decrease in reflection losses. Additionally, the incorporation of the 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction facilitates improved molecular arrangement and enhanced surface uniformity of the ultrathin spiro-OMeTAD, leading to higher tolerance to interface defects and more efficient hole extraction. Consequently, n–i–p perovskite/silicon TSCs featuring ultrathin spiro-OMeTAD exhibit remarkable efficiencies of 29.73% (0.135 cm2) and 28.77% (28.25% certified efficiency, 1.012 cm2), along with improved stability.