<p>Carbon superstructures with multiscale hierarchies and functional attributes represent an appealing cathode candidate for zinc hybrid capacitors, but their tailor-made design to optimize the capacitive activity remains a confusing topic. Here we develop a hydrogen-bond-oriented interfacial super-assembly strategy to custom-tailor nanosheet-intertwined spherical carbon superstructures (SCSs) for Zn-ion storage with double-high capacitive activity and durability. Tetrachlorobenzoquinone (H-bond acceptor) and dimethylbenzidine (H-bond donator) can interact to form organic nanosheet modules, which are sequentially assembled, orientally compacted and densified into well-orchestrated superstructures through multiple H-bonds (N–H···O). Featured with rich surface-active heterodiatomic motifs, more exposed nanoporous channels, and successive charge migration paths, SCSs cathode promises high accessibility of built-in zincophilic sites and rapid ion diffusion with low energy barriers (3.3 Ω s<sup>−0.5</sup>). Consequently, the assembled Zn||SCSs capacitor harvests all-round improvement in Zn-ion storage metrics, including high energy density (166&#xa0;Wh&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>), high-rate performance (172&#xa0;mAh&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> at 20&#xa0;A&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>), and long-lasting cycling lifespan (95.5% capacity retention after 500,000 cycles). An opposite charge-carrier storage mechanism is rationalized for SCSs cathode to maximize spatial capacitive charge storage, involving high-kinetics physical Zn<sup>2+</sup>/CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> adsorption and chemical Zn<sup>2+</sup> redox with carbonyl/pyridine groups. This work gives insights into H-bond-guided interfacial super-assembly design of superstructural carbons toward advanced energy storage.</p>

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Hydrogen-Bonded Interfacial Super-Assembly of Spherical Carbon Superstructures for High-Performance Zinc Hybrid Capacitors

  • Yang Qin,
  • Chengmin Hu,
  • Qi Huang,
  • Yaokang Lv,
  • Ziyang Song,
  • Lihua Gan,
  • Mingxian Liu

摘要

Carbon superstructures with multiscale hierarchies and functional attributes represent an appealing cathode candidate for zinc hybrid capacitors, but their tailor-made design to optimize the capacitive activity remains a confusing topic. Here we develop a hydrogen-bond-oriented interfacial super-assembly strategy to custom-tailor nanosheet-intertwined spherical carbon superstructures (SCSs) for Zn-ion storage with double-high capacitive activity and durability. Tetrachlorobenzoquinone (H-bond acceptor) and dimethylbenzidine (H-bond donator) can interact to form organic nanosheet modules, which are sequentially assembled, orientally compacted and densified into well-orchestrated superstructures through multiple H-bonds (N–H···O). Featured with rich surface-active heterodiatomic motifs, more exposed nanoporous channels, and successive charge migration paths, SCSs cathode promises high accessibility of built-in zincophilic sites and rapid ion diffusion with low energy barriers (3.3 Ω s−0.5). Consequently, the assembled Zn||SCSs capacitor harvests all-round improvement in Zn-ion storage metrics, including high energy density (166 Wh kg−1), high-rate performance (172 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1), and long-lasting cycling lifespan (95.5% capacity retention after 500,000 cycles). An opposite charge-carrier storage mechanism is rationalized for SCSs cathode to maximize spatial capacitive charge storage, involving high-kinetics physical Zn2+/CF3SO3 adsorption and chemical Zn2+ redox with carbonyl/pyridine groups. This work gives insights into H-bond-guided interfacial super-assembly design of superstructural carbons toward advanced energy storage.