Influence of Non-Fourier Heat Flux on the Hybrid Nanofluid Flow over a Permeable Sphere When Lorentz Force, Soret and Dufour Effects Are Significant: An Artificial Neural Network Model
摘要
Heat transmission in systems or thermal devices relies on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Thermal conductivity (32%) of the hybrid nanofluid (i.e., ethylene glycol conveying zinc and titania nanoparticles) is higher than that (13%) of the ordinary nanofluid (i.e., ethylene glycol conveying zinc nanoparticles), according to experimental data. The present study investigated the steady, laminar flow of a hybrid nanofluid over a sphere with thermal radiation, non-Fourier heat flux, and cross-diffusion effects. The Keller box scheme with the combination of finite difference procedure is opted to solve the governing equations by transforming them into a nonlinear and non-dimensional system of partial differential equations. Outcomes (such as the variation in the temperature profile due to the Dufour number) are presented in the form of bar plots and plots in two cases, i.e.,