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<p>The rapid expansion of industries, service complexes, and residential developments in Riyadh City has substantially increased water demand, while leakage from potable water supply networks, wastewater infrastructure, and inadequate urban drainage systems has resulted in continuous anthropogenic recharge, leading to the development of a shallow perched groundwater table across much of the urban area. The elevated groundwater levels pose significant risks to building foundations, basements, underground utilities, pavements, and other critical infrastructure, in addition to creating unfavorable environmental and public health conditions. This study investigates the design of a groundwater lowering system for an urban district in Riyadh using integrated field investigations and numerical modeling. Four boreholes were drilled to characterize the subsurface hydrogeological conditions and determine the hydraulic properties of the underlying formations. Two complementary permeability testing methods were employed, namely falling-head permeability tests for the upper soil layer and packer (Lugeon-type) tests for the fractured rock layer. The subsurface profile was represented by two hydrostratigraphic layers: an upper layer approximately 1.40&#xa0;m thick with an average hydraulic conductivity of 0.60&#xa0;m/day, and an underlying fractured layer approximately 4.60&#xa0;m thick with an average hydraulic conductivity of 0.51&#xa0;m/day. Based on these hydrogeological characteristics, a filter envelope surrounding the perforated drainage pipes was designed to extend to the asphalt layer to effectively intercept infiltrating water before it contributes to the perched groundwater table. Numerical simulations were performed using the Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) and SewerGEMS to optimize the spacing of the perforated drainage pipes while maintaining the groundwater table at least 2.50&#xa0;m below the ground surface. The simulation results indicate that the optimum pipe spacing ranges from 80 to 100&#xa0;m, depending on local hydrogeological conditions. The proposed integrated methodology provides a practical and transferable framework for designing sustainable groundwater control systems in rapidly urbanizing arid regions affected by shallow groundwater problems.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Simulation-based design of a subsurface drainage system for groundwater control using GMS and SewerGEMS

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Ayman Nasser,
  • Mohamed Eltarabily,
  • Hany Abd-El Hamid,
  • Khaled Bali,
  • Ismail Fathy

摘要

The rapid expansion of industries, service complexes, and residential developments in Riyadh City has substantially increased water demand, while leakage from potable water supply networks, wastewater infrastructure, and inadequate urban drainage systems has resulted in continuous anthropogenic recharge, leading to the development of a shallow perched groundwater table across much of the urban area. The elevated groundwater levels pose significant risks to building foundations, basements, underground utilities, pavements, and other critical infrastructure, in addition to creating unfavorable environmental and public health conditions. This study investigates the design of a groundwater lowering system for an urban district in Riyadh using integrated field investigations and numerical modeling. Four boreholes were drilled to characterize the subsurface hydrogeological conditions and determine the hydraulic properties of the underlying formations. Two complementary permeability testing methods were employed, namely falling-head permeability tests for the upper soil layer and packer (Lugeon-type) tests for the fractured rock layer. The subsurface profile was represented by two hydrostratigraphic layers: an upper layer approximately 1.40 m thick with an average hydraulic conductivity of 0.60 m/day, and an underlying fractured layer approximately 4.60 m thick with an average hydraulic conductivity of 0.51 m/day. Based on these hydrogeological characteristics, a filter envelope surrounding the perforated drainage pipes was designed to extend to the asphalt layer to effectively intercept infiltrating water before it contributes to the perched groundwater table. Numerical simulations were performed using the Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) and SewerGEMS to optimize the spacing of the perforated drainage pipes while maintaining the groundwater table at least 2.50 m below the ground surface. The simulation results indicate that the optimum pipe spacing ranges from 80 to 100 m, depending on local hydrogeological conditions. The proposed integrated methodology provides a practical and transferable framework for designing sustainable groundwater control systems in rapidly urbanizing arid regions affected by shallow groundwater problems.

Graphical abstract