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<p>This study investigates the impact of freshwater extraction on the extent of seawater intrusion in a homogeneous, hypothetical coastal aquifer, focusing on varying pumping locations and extraction rates. Groundwater flow and solute transport were modelled using MODFLOW, MT3DMS, and SEAWAT, and the transport model was validated against Henry’s benchmark problem. Transient simulations over a 10-year period were conducted to evaluate the spatio-temporal effects of different pumping well positions and rates. The analysis quantifies the safe distance from the coastline for freshwater extraction, accounting for the number and placement of wells and their pumping rates. Results indicate that well placements at a distance of B/4 from the coastline (where <i>B</i> is the aquifer length perpendicular to the coast), with configurations of 3 wells spaced 2400&#xa0;m apart and 5 wells spaced 1800&#xa0;m apart, are effective in preventing seawater intrusion under all tested pumping scenarios. For a well spacing of 600&#xa0;m, safe operation requires pumping factors &lt; 0.18. Analyses were also performed for wells located at B/2 and 3B/4 from the coast with well spacings of 600&#xa0;m, 1000&#xa0;m, 1800&#xa0;m and 2400&#xa0;m, respectively. The extent of intrusion was found to be sensitive to pumping, recharge rates and hydraulic conductivity. Additionally, staggering wells along two parallel lines near the coastline was shown to further mitigate intrusion. The hypothetical framework serves as a primary tool for the planning of well locations, sustainable groundwater extraction, exploring parameter sensitivities, and developing strategies that can be refined and applied to specific site conditions.</p>

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Numerical investigation of pumping-induced seawater intrusion risks under varying well configurations in a hypothetical coastal aquifer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Neenu Kuipally,
  • Mahesha Amai

摘要

This study investigates the impact of freshwater extraction on the extent of seawater intrusion in a homogeneous, hypothetical coastal aquifer, focusing on varying pumping locations and extraction rates. Groundwater flow and solute transport were modelled using MODFLOW, MT3DMS, and SEAWAT, and the transport model was validated against Henry’s benchmark problem. Transient simulations over a 10-year period were conducted to evaluate the spatio-temporal effects of different pumping well positions and rates. The analysis quantifies the safe distance from the coastline for freshwater extraction, accounting for the number and placement of wells and their pumping rates. Results indicate that well placements at a distance of B/4 from the coastline (where B is the aquifer length perpendicular to the coast), with configurations of 3 wells spaced 2400 m apart and 5 wells spaced 1800 m apart, are effective in preventing seawater intrusion under all tested pumping scenarios. For a well spacing of 600 m, safe operation requires pumping factors < 0.18. Analyses were also performed for wells located at B/2 and 3B/4 from the coast with well spacings of 600 m, 1000 m, 1800 m and 2400 m, respectively. The extent of intrusion was found to be sensitive to pumping, recharge rates and hydraulic conductivity. Additionally, staggering wells along two parallel lines near the coastline was shown to further mitigate intrusion. The hypothetical framework serves as a primary tool for the planning of well locations, sustainable groundwater extraction, exploring parameter sensitivities, and developing strategies that can be refined and applied to specific site conditions.