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<p>GSFLOW is a coupled groundwater and surface-water flow model that has been widely applied in hydrological studies. However, its application in mountainous regions is limited due to reduced accuracy in dynamically simulating streamflow in steep-sloped rivers. In this study, we developed a numerical algorithm to dynamically couple GSFLOW with a river hydrodynamic model (RHM_SG) to enhance the accuracy of streamflow and flood simulations in mountain rivers. The algorithm integrates the large spatial and temporal scales of GSFLOW with the finer grids and shorter time steps of RHM_SG. The coupled model was calibrated and validated using data from the Zamask–Yingluoxia subbasin in the Heihe River Basin, China. Simulation results of daily streamflow at the Yingluoxia station show that the integrated GSFLOW–RHM_SG model significantly improves predictions of extreme flows during flood events and better represents stream–groundwater interactions. The model was further applied to assess water resource management and flood mitigation strategies in the Zamask–Yingluoxia subbasin.</p>

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Coupling GSFLOW with a river hydrodynamic model for flow simulation in a mountain river basin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Fei Teng,
  • Wenrui Huang,
  • Yi Cai

摘要

GSFLOW is a coupled groundwater and surface-water flow model that has been widely applied in hydrological studies. However, its application in mountainous regions is limited due to reduced accuracy in dynamically simulating streamflow in steep-sloped rivers. In this study, we developed a numerical algorithm to dynamically couple GSFLOW with a river hydrodynamic model (RHM_SG) to enhance the accuracy of streamflow and flood simulations in mountain rivers. The algorithm integrates the large spatial and temporal scales of GSFLOW with the finer grids and shorter time steps of RHM_SG. The coupled model was calibrated and validated using data from the Zamask–Yingluoxia subbasin in the Heihe River Basin, China. Simulation results of daily streamflow at the Yingluoxia station show that the integrated GSFLOW–RHM_SG model significantly improves predictions of extreme flows during flood events and better represents stream–groundwater interactions. The model was further applied to assess water resource management and flood mitigation strategies in the Zamask–Yingluoxia subbasin.