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<p>Driven by the rapid expansion of the construction industry, the increased demand for sand has led to extensive sand mining from riverbeds and banks. Such activities pose a threat to the structural integrity of nearby bridge structures. This study aims to identify and quantify the impact of sand mining on scouring around bridge piers using HEC-RAS 2D modeling. The 2D model, calibrated and validated with field observations, is further advanced to represent the impact of mining pits. Different scenarios are simulated by varying the location and geometry of the pits. The model demonstrated strong predictive performance, indicating reliable simulation of river flow and sediment transport under a prolonged simulation period. Results indicate that the upstream pits located closest to the bridge piers with the rectangular pit geometry cause the most significant increase in the scour depth. Furthermore, the lateral positioning of pits close to riverbanks, mainly within 5&#xa0;m from banks, results in erosion of riverbeds as well as an increase in the scour depth around nearby piers, highlighting the importance of enforcing buffer zones. This study reveals that pit proximity from the bridge and the shape strongly influence the redistribution of flow velocity and shear stress fields around the piers, intensifying the depth of scour holes. Although this model was developed based on a tropical river system in the South Asian context, the findings provide valuable insights applicable to bridges located across rivers with similar hydraulic and morphological contexts. Variations in hydraulic and sediment properties need to be considered when applied to rivers in arid, temperate or cold climatic regions. Overall, this study has provided significant findings on the impact of sand mining activities conducted near bridge structures. The outcomes highlight the need for well-regulated sand mining practices to reduce the risk of bridge failure due to severe scouring around piers. Furthermore, this study concludes that HEC-RAS 2D model can be effectively used as a decision support tool for assessing the impact of sand mining activities and refining policy measures aimed at ensuring the safety of bridges.</p>

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Hydrodynamic and morphological simulation of scour evolution around bridge piers due to sand mining activities using HEC-RAS 2D: a case study from Kelani River, Sri Lanka

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Ashvinie Thembiliyagoda,
  • Kasun De Silva,
  • Nimal Wijayaratna

摘要

Driven by the rapid expansion of the construction industry, the increased demand for sand has led to extensive sand mining from riverbeds and banks. Such activities pose a threat to the structural integrity of nearby bridge structures. This study aims to identify and quantify the impact of sand mining on scouring around bridge piers using HEC-RAS 2D modeling. The 2D model, calibrated and validated with field observations, is further advanced to represent the impact of mining pits. Different scenarios are simulated by varying the location and geometry of the pits. The model demonstrated strong predictive performance, indicating reliable simulation of river flow and sediment transport under a prolonged simulation period. Results indicate that the upstream pits located closest to the bridge piers with the rectangular pit geometry cause the most significant increase in the scour depth. Furthermore, the lateral positioning of pits close to riverbanks, mainly within 5 m from banks, results in erosion of riverbeds as well as an increase in the scour depth around nearby piers, highlighting the importance of enforcing buffer zones. This study reveals that pit proximity from the bridge and the shape strongly influence the redistribution of flow velocity and shear stress fields around the piers, intensifying the depth of scour holes. Although this model was developed based on a tropical river system in the South Asian context, the findings provide valuable insights applicable to bridges located across rivers with similar hydraulic and morphological contexts. Variations in hydraulic and sediment properties need to be considered when applied to rivers in arid, temperate or cold climatic regions. Overall, this study has provided significant findings on the impact of sand mining activities conducted near bridge structures. The outcomes highlight the need for well-regulated sand mining practices to reduce the risk of bridge failure due to severe scouring around piers. Furthermore, this study concludes that HEC-RAS 2D model can be effectively used as a decision support tool for assessing the impact of sand mining activities and refining policy measures aimed at ensuring the safety of bridges.