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<p>An extended Hastings-Powell (HP) three-species model is developed to analyze phase transitions from stability to chaos in a tri-trophic food chain. The model incorporates both the Allee effect and additional food sources for the meso-predator, with its behaviour being examined within a three-dimensional dynamical framework. The biological significance of this model lies in its ability to reveal complex ecological dynamics, including the emergence of bubbling phenomena, suggesting that real-world food webs often exhibit unstable dynamics. A two-parameter family, comprising the Allee effect and additional food sources, is used to investigate these phase transitions, revealing Bautin and Bogdanov-Takens (BT) bifurcations. It is demonstrated that these two factors help to regulate chaotic system behaviour, with the Allee effect specifically contributing to the prevention of prey extinction.</p>

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Modelling the influence of additional food in a tri-trophic food chain

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Deepabali Datta,
  • Sukanya Das,
  • Gourav Mandal,
  • Suprava Mandal,
  • Lakshmi Narayan Guin,
  • Santabrata Chakravarty

摘要

An extended Hastings-Powell (HP) three-species model is developed to analyze phase transitions from stability to chaos in a tri-trophic food chain. The model incorporates both the Allee effect and additional food sources for the meso-predator, with its behaviour being examined within a three-dimensional dynamical framework. The biological significance of this model lies in its ability to reveal complex ecological dynamics, including the emergence of bubbling phenomena, suggesting that real-world food webs often exhibit unstable dynamics. A two-parameter family, comprising the Allee effect and additional food sources, is used to investigate these phase transitions, revealing Bautin and Bogdanov-Takens (BT) bifurcations. It is demonstrated that these two factors help to regulate chaotic system behaviour, with the Allee effect specifically contributing to the prevention of prey extinction.