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<p>The present work focuses on assessing the remediation efficacy of nickel ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs) for the removal of VBB dye from aqueous water synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, BET, etc. to determine their functional groups, structure, morphology, and surface properties. FTIR results confirmed two main peaks at 480 and 595&#xa0;cm<sup>− 1</sup> showing stretching of Ni-O and Fe-O respectively. The synthesized NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs have a crystallinity index of 60.6%. The nanoparticle was observed to be irregular in shape. BET analysis confirmed that produced NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs have pore diameter (3.401&#xa0;nm) indicating mesoporous structure. The obtained moderate Ms value of 36.26emu/g and low Hc and Mr indicate the soft ferromagnetic behaviour confirmed by M- H hysteresis loop. The maximum removal efficiency (89.2%) was attained under optimized conditions. The Langmuir adsorption model was best fitted with R<sup>2</sup> equal to 0.9980, having a maximum adsorption capacity of 55.21 mg g<sup>− 1</sup>. The adsorption kinetics revealed that pseudo -second-order was well-fitted (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.999). Thermodynamic analysis suggested that adsorption favoured physical adsorption, which was spontaneous and endothermic. Regeneration study suggested the reusability of nanoparticles up to five cycles without performance loss. The study found NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs to be a promising and effective material for cleaning up dye-contaminated water, providing a sustainable solution to the pressing environmental challenges.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Modeling and optimization for effective and selective removal of Victoria blue B dye from aqueous media using magnetic NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NiFe2O4 NPs)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Pooja Rani,
  • Sumeet Kumar,
  • Monika Yadav,
  • Sahil,
  • Jitender Pal

摘要

The present work focuses on assessing the remediation efficacy of nickel ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (NiFe2O4 NPs) for the removal of VBB dye from aqueous water synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, BET, etc. to determine their functional groups, structure, morphology, and surface properties. FTIR results confirmed two main peaks at 480 and 595 cm− 1 showing stretching of Ni-O and Fe-O respectively. The synthesized NiFe2O4 NPs have a crystallinity index of 60.6%. The nanoparticle was observed to be irregular in shape. BET analysis confirmed that produced NiFe2O4 NPs have pore diameter (3.401 nm) indicating mesoporous structure. The obtained moderate Ms value of 36.26emu/g and low Hc and Mr indicate the soft ferromagnetic behaviour confirmed by M- H hysteresis loop. The maximum removal efficiency (89.2%) was attained under optimized conditions. The Langmuir adsorption model was best fitted with R2 equal to 0.9980, having a maximum adsorption capacity of 55.21 mg g− 1. The adsorption kinetics revealed that pseudo -second-order was well-fitted (R2 = 0.999). Thermodynamic analysis suggested that adsorption favoured physical adsorption, which was spontaneous and endothermic. Regeneration study suggested the reusability of nanoparticles up to five cycles without performance loss. The study found NiFe2O4 NPs to be a promising and effective material for cleaning up dye-contaminated water, providing a sustainable solution to the pressing environmental challenges.

Graphical abstract