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<p>Sediment concentration and sediment load are highly important variables that may play a key role in environmental quality assessment and help determine the extent of potential adverse impacts. The present paper aims to assess sediment transport patterns in the Mkhdach catchment (25&#xa0;km<sup>2</sup>). Additionally, we established a relationship between rainfall and discharge with suspended sediment concentration to evaluate the sediment transport response in the study area. With this purpose, 28 events were collected manually (2021–2023) and analyzed in the laboratory for extracting suspended sediment concentration and other parameters (i.e., turbidity, conductivity, salinity, and resistivity). Since September 2021, a gradual limnimeter has been installed to measure the water stage at the catchment’s outlet. These levels allow us to make a rating curve for measuring flow discharge. Measurement of sediment load and yield was also made. Furthermore, rainfall data was obtained from the rain gauge station of Tarhat, which is situated near the catchment and managed by the Hydraulic Basin Agency of the Oum Er Rbia River (HBAOMERB). As a result, during flood events, the total suspended sediment yield observed was 755.02 t/km<sup>2</sup>/yr. The relationship between rainfall and sediment transport followed the same trend for Mediterranean catchments. Sediment variables (e.g., total load and SSC) were significantly correlated with daily rainfall (R<sup>2</sup> = 66) and flow discharge (R<sup>2</sup> = 70). The most efficient floods were characterized by clockwise hysteresis relationships between suspended sediment concentration and discharges. Consequently, rainfall intensity and the natural dynamic of vegetation and land covers emerged as the primary factors controlling soil erosion and sediment generation within the studied area. Nonetheless, the present study emphasizes the need to collect medium-term (&gt; 4 years) continuous time series to evaluate the range of fluctuations in suspended sediment fluxes and to identify clearly the seasonality of suspended sediment yields. The significant methodological implications of these findings could inform the modeling and practice of catchment management at the mesoscale.</p>

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Assessment of suspended sediment transport and associated sediment patterns in the Mkhdach catchment (Middle Atlas Mountainous/Morocco)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Hasan Ouakhir,
  • Nadia Ennaji,
  • Mimoun Goumih,
  • Omar Ghadbane,
  • Mohamed Chakir,
  • Mohamed El Ghachi,
  • Larbi Barhazi,
  • Mohamed Rizki,
  • Asmae Nouayti,
  • Hassan Mosaid,
  • Abdessamad Hilali

摘要

Sediment concentration and sediment load are highly important variables that may play a key role in environmental quality assessment and help determine the extent of potential adverse impacts. The present paper aims to assess sediment transport patterns in the Mkhdach catchment (25 km2). Additionally, we established a relationship between rainfall and discharge with suspended sediment concentration to evaluate the sediment transport response in the study area. With this purpose, 28 events were collected manually (2021–2023) and analyzed in the laboratory for extracting suspended sediment concentration and other parameters (i.e., turbidity, conductivity, salinity, and resistivity). Since September 2021, a gradual limnimeter has been installed to measure the water stage at the catchment’s outlet. These levels allow us to make a rating curve for measuring flow discharge. Measurement of sediment load and yield was also made. Furthermore, rainfall data was obtained from the rain gauge station of Tarhat, which is situated near the catchment and managed by the Hydraulic Basin Agency of the Oum Er Rbia River (HBAOMERB). As a result, during flood events, the total suspended sediment yield observed was 755.02 t/km2/yr. The relationship between rainfall and sediment transport followed the same trend for Mediterranean catchments. Sediment variables (e.g., total load and SSC) were significantly correlated with daily rainfall (R2 = 66) and flow discharge (R2 = 70). The most efficient floods were characterized by clockwise hysteresis relationships between suspended sediment concentration and discharges. Consequently, rainfall intensity and the natural dynamic of vegetation and land covers emerged as the primary factors controlling soil erosion and sediment generation within the studied area. Nonetheless, the present study emphasizes the need to collect medium-term (> 4 years) continuous time series to evaluate the range of fluctuations in suspended sediment fluxes and to identify clearly the seasonality of suspended sediment yields. The significant methodological implications of these findings could inform the modeling and practice of catchment management at the mesoscale.