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<p>Soil erosion in Ethiopia, particularly in the highlands, is a critical environmental issue that poses significant threats to agricultural productivity, food security and estimation of water bodies. Rib dam was constructed for domestic and productive use of water at the outlet of the watershed. The study aimed to estimate soil loss in the Ribb watershed, which faces sedimentation issues that threaten Ribb dam sustainability. The RUSLE model integrated with GIS was used to analyze soil erosion based on five factors: rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), land cover (C), and conservation practices (P). Data inputs included satellite images, soil maps, rainfall data, and a high-resolution (12.5&#xa0;m*12.5&#xa0;m) DEM (Digital Elevation Model). The results of the study reveal that the annual soil loss ranges from 0 to 50 tons per hectare per year, with an average of 25 t/ha/yr. From the Erosion Distribution map, 96% of the watershed experienced slight to very slight erosion. However, 4% of the area faced moderate to severe erosion, primarily in the northern and central regions of the watershed. The spatial soil loss analysis indicated that Ribb watershed is under the grip of soil erosion and siltation problems. Therefore, the study recommends immediate action of conservation and management practices in the identified area to prolong the reservoir's lifespan. Planners should use RUSLE with GIS for identifying erosion-prone areas, enabling targeted conservation to reduce soil loss in the future. </p>

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Estimation of soil loss using the RUSLE model integrated with GIS tools: a case study of the Ribb Dam catchment, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月4日

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  • Tamene Tefera,
  • Adugnaw Tadesse,
  • Asirat Teshome

摘要

Soil erosion in Ethiopia, particularly in the highlands, is a critical environmental issue that poses significant threats to agricultural productivity, food security and estimation of water bodies. Rib dam was constructed for domestic and productive use of water at the outlet of the watershed. The study aimed to estimate soil loss in the Ribb watershed, which faces sedimentation issues that threaten Ribb dam sustainability. The RUSLE model integrated with GIS was used to analyze soil erosion based on five factors: rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), land cover (C), and conservation practices (P). Data inputs included satellite images, soil maps, rainfall data, and a high-resolution (12.5 m*12.5 m) DEM (Digital Elevation Model). The results of the study reveal that the annual soil loss ranges from 0 to 50 tons per hectare per year, with an average of 25 t/ha/yr. From the Erosion Distribution map, 96% of the watershed experienced slight to very slight erosion. However, 4% of the area faced moderate to severe erosion, primarily in the northern and central regions of the watershed. The spatial soil loss analysis indicated that Ribb watershed is under the grip of soil erosion and siltation problems. Therefore, the study recommends immediate action of conservation and management practices in the identified area to prolong the reservoir's lifespan. Planners should use RUSLE with GIS for identifying erosion-prone areas, enabling targeted conservation to reduce soil loss in the future.