We present a new fractional-order infection model for how computer viruses spread. This model uses the Caputo fractional derivative to better represent the complex dynamics and memory effects that happen naturally during virus transmission. We demonstrate the well-posedness of the model and determine the basic reproduction number \( R_0 \) using the next generation matrix method. Two equilibrium points are identified: the virus-free equilibrium \( E^0 \) and the persistent virus equilibrium \( E^* \) . Global stability analysis, conducted via LaSalle’s invariance principle and Lyapunov functions, reveals that \( E^0 \) is stable if \( R_0 \le 1 \) , and \( E^* \) is stable if \( R_0 > 1 \) . Numerical simulations confirm that the fractional-order parameter influences the speed at which equilibrium points are approached without affecting their stability. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the parameters that have a significant impact on the spread of computer viruses. Finally, we discuss the model’s limitations, particularly the simplification of interactions between different types of computer viruses and the saturation of defensive mechanisms.
