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<p>Why do autocratizing governments adopt liberal migration policies despite migration-skeptical electorates? Existing scholarship often links open migration policies to liberal governments and restrictions with autocratizing ones. Yet Poland under PiS and Türkiye under AKP challenge this assumption. Integrating insights from political economy and multi-level governance, it argues that autocratizing governments employ <i>responsibility dumping</i> to reconcile the dual mandate dilemma: satisfying employer demand for labor while avoiding backlash from migration-skeptical voters. <i>Responsibility dumping</i> denotes the downward relocation of implementation duties and fiscal exposure to subnational and non-state actors without commensurate authority and resources. A comparative analysis of the governance of refugee arrivals—Ukrainians in Poland since 2015 and Syrians in Türkiye since 2011—demonstrate how national economic structures shape policy substance. Poland enabled formal labor market integration, while Türkiye relied on informal employment. These findings refine debates on the “liberal” and “illiberal paradoxes” by showing that autocratizing governments use multi-level governance not to democratize policymaking but to consolidate executive power and manage contested policy domains.</p>

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Responsibility Dumping and Autocratic Policy Tools: The Political Economy and Multi-level Governance of Migration in Poland and Türkiye

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Max Nagel

摘要

Why do autocratizing governments adopt liberal migration policies despite migration-skeptical electorates? Existing scholarship often links open migration policies to liberal governments and restrictions with autocratizing ones. Yet Poland under PiS and Türkiye under AKP challenge this assumption. Integrating insights from political economy and multi-level governance, it argues that autocratizing governments employ responsibility dumping to reconcile the dual mandate dilemma: satisfying employer demand for labor while avoiding backlash from migration-skeptical voters. Responsibility dumping denotes the downward relocation of implementation duties and fiscal exposure to subnational and non-state actors without commensurate authority and resources. A comparative analysis of the governance of refugee arrivals—Ukrainians in Poland since 2015 and Syrians in Türkiye since 2011—demonstrate how national economic structures shape policy substance. Poland enabled formal labor market integration, while Türkiye relied on informal employment. These findings refine debates on the “liberal” and “illiberal paradoxes” by showing that autocratizing governments use multi-level governance not to democratize policymaking but to consolidate executive power and manage contested policy domains.