<p>With the increase in passenger capacity and operating frequency of urban rail transit, it has become one of the most severe problems for rail corrugation in the transportation system. The dynamic theory and finite element method are applied to establish a dynamic model of the vehicle-elastic track system. The mechanism and influencing factors of rail corrugation on metro damping track are analyzed, and the reasons for corrugation are obtained. The research results are as follows: (1) The simulated track vibration frequency is similar to the measured corrugation frequency, and the track vibration characteristics are related to the generation of rail corrugation. The wavelength range of the inner and outer rail corrugation obtained from on-site testing is 25–63&#xa0;mm, which is consistent with the simulation results, verifying the correctness of the simulation and the feasibility of the method. (2) The coupling effects of vertical and lateral vibration on the track, as well as periodic changes in wheel-rail creep forces and wear number, promote the generation of rail corrugation. Ultimately, the track system resonance and periodic rail wear result in the initial formation of rail corrugation. (3) When larger vehicle loads, smaller curve radii, larger friction coefficients, and track failure, rail corrugation occurs earlier on the track, while the corrugation on inner rail is more severe.</p>