Purpose of Review <p>The purpose of our review was to examine the existing literature in technologies for <i>in utero</i> stem cell targeting. We sought to establish the qualities of candidate diseases for prenatal treatment, address the risks and benefits of this approach, and review the various technologies currently available including delivery vectors (viral and non-viral) and therapeutic modalities (antisense oligonucleotides, gene replacement, and gene editing), as well as how they are being used in the prenatal period.</p> Recent Findings <p>Prenatal somatic cell gene therapy has the potential to treat severe, early-onset congenital disorders before birth. By harnessing the benefits of the fetal environment, <i>in utero</i> administration of nanomedicines could be delivered at a crucial time in stem cell development before irreversible damage occurs. However, this field also represents a unique clinical situation in which it is imperative to ensure the safety of two patients: the fetus and the mother.</p> Summary <p>While further research is needed on prenatal somatic cell targeting, current literature reveals promising results for the treatment of congenital disorders during the prenatal period.</p>