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Purpose <p>Progestin-only birth control (e.g., hormonal IUD) does not contain ethinylestradiol (EE), the synthetic estrogen found in combined hormonal contraceptives (ChCs) (e.g., oral pill). Ethinylestradiol has been linked to relationship jealousy; however, it suppresses testosterone, a hormone implicated in intrasexual competitiveness. This study examined the relationship between contraceptive type and self-reported intrasexual competitiveness and jealousy, with the goal of identifying practical differences among existing groups of contraceptive users.</p> Methods <p>A between-subjects design compared combined hormonal contraceptive users, progestin-only contraceptive users, and non-users on self-reported intrasexual competition and jealousy. Participants (<i>N</i> = 398) reported contraceptive information and then completed Buunk and Fisher’s (Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 7(1), 37-48, <CitationRef CitationID="CR10">2009</CitationRef>)&#xa0;intrasexual competitiveness scale and Buunk’s (Personality and Individual Differences, 23(6), 997-1006,&#xa0;<CitationRef CitationID="CR9">1997</CitationRef>)&#xa0;jealousy scale.</p> Results <p>Hormonal contraceptive users reported slightly higher levels of jealousy than non-users (<i>p</i> = .012, η2 = 0.01), but the difference between contraceptive types was not significant (<i>p</i> = .098, η2 = 0.01). Among levonorgestrel users, combined hormonal contraceptive users reported significantly higher jealousy than progestin-only contraceptive users (<i>p</i> = .012, η2 = 0.08), although practical differences were small. No dosage effects of ethinylestradiol on jealousy were found. No relationship between contraceptive type and intrasexual competition was found.</p> Conclusion <p>Combined-hormonal contraceptive users may experience greater relationship jealousy than non-users and potentially progestin-only users. Differences may only be practically meaningful for specific populations. Further research is necessary to standardize the route of administration and explain the null findings regarding intrasexual competition. Our findings provide a basis for future research that can inform contraceptive choice.</p>

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The Role of Hormonal Contraceptive Type in Female Self-Reported Intrasexual Competition and Jealousy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Camille Burns,
  • Shairy Jimenez-Delgado,
  • Julia Kandus,
  • Amanda C. Hahn

摘要

Purpose

Progestin-only birth control (e.g., hormonal IUD) does not contain ethinylestradiol (EE), the synthetic estrogen found in combined hormonal contraceptives (ChCs) (e.g., oral pill). Ethinylestradiol has been linked to relationship jealousy; however, it suppresses testosterone, a hormone implicated in intrasexual competitiveness. This study examined the relationship between contraceptive type and self-reported intrasexual competitiveness and jealousy, with the goal of identifying practical differences among existing groups of contraceptive users.

Methods

A between-subjects design compared combined hormonal contraceptive users, progestin-only contraceptive users, and non-users on self-reported intrasexual competition and jealousy. Participants (N = 398) reported contraceptive information and then completed Buunk and Fisher’s (Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 7(1), 37-48, 2009) intrasexual competitiveness scale and Buunk’s (Personality and Individual Differences, 23(6), 997-1006, 1997) jealousy scale.

Results

Hormonal contraceptive users reported slightly higher levels of jealousy than non-users (p = .012, η2 = 0.01), but the difference between contraceptive types was not significant (p = .098, η2 = 0.01). Among levonorgestrel users, combined hormonal contraceptive users reported significantly higher jealousy than progestin-only contraceptive users (p = .012, η2 = 0.08), although practical differences were small. No dosage effects of ethinylestradiol on jealousy were found. No relationship between contraceptive type and intrasexual competition was found.

Conclusion

Combined-hormonal contraceptive users may experience greater relationship jealousy than non-users and potentially progestin-only users. Differences may only be practically meaningful for specific populations. Further research is necessary to standardize the route of administration and explain the null findings regarding intrasexual competition. Our findings provide a basis for future research that can inform contraceptive choice.