Purpose <p>Aggressive behavior is influenced by genetic factors, but findings in behavioral genetics remain inconsistent due to heterogeneous study samples. This study aims to investigate the relationship between aggression traits and polymorphisms of AR, HTR2A, and OXTR genes in a monoethnic sample of Armenian university students, and to compare the results with previously studied African and Siberian populations.</p> Methods <p>The study included 231 Armenian students. Aggression levels were assessed using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and proactive/reactive aggression scales. Genetic analysis focused on the OXTR-rs53576, HTR2A-rs6311, and AR(CAG)_n polymorphisms. The distribution of alleles was examined, and associations between genetic variations and aggression traits were analyzed, considering sex differences and gene–gene interactions.</p> Results <p>Men exhibited significantly higher levels of physical (<i>p</i> = 2.8e-8), proactive (<i>p</i> = 2.8e-8), and reactive aggression (<i>p</i> = 0.015), while hostility was more pronounced in women (<i>p</i> = 0.033). In women, OXTR-rs53576 interacted with AR(CAG)_n to influence reactive aggression (<i>p</i> = 0.015). In men, AR(CAG)_n independently affected physical aggression (<i>p</i> = 0.003), and its interaction with OXTR-rs53576 also influenced physical aggression (<i>p</i> = 0.005). Combined analysis revealed that AR(CAG)_n and OXTR-rs53576 interactions were associated with verbal aggression (<i>p</i> = 0.008), anger (<i>p</i> = 0.035), and reactive aggression (<i>p</i> = 0.029).</p> Conclusion <p>Our findings suggest that genetic variations in AR and OXTR contribute to individual differences in aggression, with sex-specific effects and gene–gene interactions playing a significant role. In a comparative context, Armenians demonstrate intermediate levels of aggression between highly egalitarian and patriarchal societies, reinforcing the importance of both genetic and sociocultural factors in the expression of aggression.</p>