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Purpose of Review <p>Cryptorchidism affects 3% of term and a higher percentage of per-term males. Undescended testicles present in a variety of ways and have impact on fertility potential and malignancy risk. The purpose of this review is to provide the primary care provider with an update on current guideline-based management of cryptorchidism and will serve as an all-in-one resource for optimized care.</p> Recent Findings <p>The initial evaluation of cryptorchidism centered on a nuanced physical exam. Newborn phenotypic boys with bilateral undescended testicles should be evaluated urgently for congenital adrenal hyperplasia and followed with hormone evaluation. There is no role for imaging in the routine workup of boys with an undescended testicle.</p> Summary <p>Cryptorchidism is a common and treatable condition. Boys with unilateral undescended testicles should be referred to a pediatric urologist for intervention as early as 6 months to preserve fertility potential and reduce malignancy risk. Boys with descended testicles at birth require annual genital exams to monitor for secondary or acquired ascent.</p>

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Diagnosis and Management of the Undescended Testicle: A Modern Update on Cryptorchidism for the Primary Care Clinician

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Manahil Malik,
  • Thisha Thiagarajan,
  • Maedot A. Haymete,
  • Nikhil V. Batra,
  • Christopher E. Bayne

摘要

Purpose of Review

Cryptorchidism affects 3% of term and a higher percentage of per-term males. Undescended testicles present in a variety of ways and have impact on fertility potential and malignancy risk. The purpose of this review is to provide the primary care provider with an update on current guideline-based management of cryptorchidism and will serve as an all-in-one resource for optimized care.

Recent Findings

The initial evaluation of cryptorchidism centered on a nuanced physical exam. Newborn phenotypic boys with bilateral undescended testicles should be evaluated urgently for congenital adrenal hyperplasia and followed with hormone evaluation. There is no role for imaging in the routine workup of boys with an undescended testicle.

Summary

Cryptorchidism is a common and treatable condition. Boys with unilateral undescended testicles should be referred to a pediatric urologist for intervention as early as 6 months to preserve fertility potential and reduce malignancy risk. Boys with descended testicles at birth require annual genital exams to monitor for secondary or acquired ascent.