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<p>The growing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly lubrication has promoted the development of bio-lubricants as alternatives to petroleum-based oils. However, limitations in their performance still need improvement. In this study, castor oil which is rich in hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acids was blended with oleic acid rich pongamia oil at different ratios. The blends were evaluated for fatty acid composition, physicochemical properties, rheological behaviour, oxidative stability and tribological performance and compared with commercial lubricant SAE20W40. Among all samples, the blend with 30% pongamia oil (CP3) showed a 25% reduction in iodine value and a 20% reduction in saponification value. The kinematic viscosity at elevated temperature was 14.73&#xa0;mm²/s, comparable to SAE20W40. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that it exhibited enhanced thermal stability among the blends. It displayed a peak degradation temperature of 301&#xa0;°C, indicating performance close to that of SAE20W40. Tribological results showed superior performance with a 12.4% lower coefficient of friction than SAE20W40. Wear analysis revealed shallow grooves and a 84% reduction in surface roughness indicating effective lubrication. The results demonstrate that the blend exhibits favourable physicochemical and tribological performance with thermal stability and rheological behaviour comparable to commercial lubricant highlighting its potential as a sustainable lubricant.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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A Tribological Study of Hybrid Blends of Castor Pongamia Oils Enriched with Hydroxylated Fatty Acids

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Ajoy Sahu,
  • Niharendu Saha

摘要

The growing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly lubrication has promoted the development of bio-lubricants as alternatives to petroleum-based oils. However, limitations in their performance still need improvement. In this study, castor oil which is rich in hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acids was blended with oleic acid rich pongamia oil at different ratios. The blends were evaluated for fatty acid composition, physicochemical properties, rheological behaviour, oxidative stability and tribological performance and compared with commercial lubricant SAE20W40. Among all samples, the blend with 30% pongamia oil (CP3) showed a 25% reduction in iodine value and a 20% reduction in saponification value. The kinematic viscosity at elevated temperature was 14.73 mm²/s, comparable to SAE20W40. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that it exhibited enhanced thermal stability among the blends. It displayed a peak degradation temperature of 301 °C, indicating performance close to that of SAE20W40. Tribological results showed superior performance with a 12.4% lower coefficient of friction than SAE20W40. Wear analysis revealed shallow grooves and a 84% reduction in surface roughness indicating effective lubrication. The results demonstrate that the blend exhibits favourable physicochemical and tribological performance with thermal stability and rheological behaviour comparable to commercial lubricant highlighting its potential as a sustainable lubricant.

Graphical Abstract