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<p>This research investigates the enhancement of tribological properties in polycarbonate (PC) composites through the incorporation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as a self-lubricating filler. The study aims to address the inherent limitations of PC, notably its high coefficient of friction (COF) and low wear resistance under dry sliding conditions. Composites with varying hBN concentrations (2.5, 5, and 7 wt%) were prepared using melt mixing followed by injection moulding. Their microstructural features were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed successful incorporation and dispersion of hBN without altering the polymer backbone. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) was used to determine the onset and maximum degradation temperatures, thereby assessing the influence of hBN on thermal stability. Mechanical integrity was assessed through tensile testing, which showed that while tensile strength declined slightly with increasing hBN, Young’s modulus improved steadily up to 7 wt%, indicating enhanced stiffness. Tribological performance was evaluated using a pin-on-disc tribometer (ASTM G99) to measure wear rate and coefficient of friction under varying loads, sliding speeds, and track diameters. A Taguchi orthogonal array was applied to optimize testing conditions and analyse parameter interactions. The results demonstrated that wear resistance and frictional behaviour improved with increasing hBN content up to an optimum loading of 7 wt%, beyond which further addition may compromise performance due to reduced matrix strength and particles agglomeration. The 7 wt% composite exhibited the best performance, with a 63.7% reduction in wear and an 4.9% decrease in COF compared to pure PC. The surface analysis of disk confirmed the development of a protective tribo-layer, attributed to the lamellar structure of hBN, which minimized adhesion and dissipated heat during sliding, thereby making PC–hBN composites more suitable for dry-sliding applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Dry Sliding Friction and Wear Behaviour of Self-lubricating hBN Filled Polycarbonate Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Gaurang Patel,
  • Vijaykumar Chaudhary,
  • Kawaljit Randhawa

摘要

This research investigates the enhancement of tribological properties in polycarbonate (PC) composites through the incorporation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as a self-lubricating filler. The study aims to address the inherent limitations of PC, notably its high coefficient of friction (COF) and low wear resistance under dry sliding conditions. Composites with varying hBN concentrations (2.5, 5, and 7 wt%) were prepared using melt mixing followed by injection moulding. Their microstructural features were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed successful incorporation and dispersion of hBN without altering the polymer backbone. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) was used to determine the onset and maximum degradation temperatures, thereby assessing the influence of hBN on thermal stability. Mechanical integrity was assessed through tensile testing, which showed that while tensile strength declined slightly with increasing hBN, Young’s modulus improved steadily up to 7 wt%, indicating enhanced stiffness. Tribological performance was evaluated using a pin-on-disc tribometer (ASTM G99) to measure wear rate and coefficient of friction under varying loads, sliding speeds, and track diameters. A Taguchi orthogonal array was applied to optimize testing conditions and analyse parameter interactions. The results demonstrated that wear resistance and frictional behaviour improved with increasing hBN content up to an optimum loading of 7 wt%, beyond which further addition may compromise performance due to reduced matrix strength and particles agglomeration. The 7 wt% composite exhibited the best performance, with a 63.7% reduction in wear and an 4.9% decrease in COF compared to pure PC. The surface analysis of disk confirmed the development of a protective tribo-layer, attributed to the lamellar structure of hBN, which minimized adhesion and dissipated heat during sliding, thereby making PC–hBN composites more suitable for dry-sliding applications.

Graphical Abstract