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<p>The rising incidence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm-related infections necessitates the development of sustainable antimicrobial nanomaterials. In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were green-synthesized using aqueous <i>Ocimum sanctum</i> leaf extract and systematically characterized for biomedical relevance. The nanoparticles were examined using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Antibacterial activity against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> was evaluated at concentrations of 50 and 100&#xa0;µg, yielding inhibition zones of 28&#xa0;mm and 41&#xa0;mm, respectively, exceeding that of streptomycin (39&#xa0;mm at 10&#xa0;µg). Antibiofilm efficacy was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, which revealed significant biofilm disruption, membrane damage, and extracellular polymeric matrix degradation in nanoparticle-treated samples. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated good thermal stability, with approximately 15% residual inorganic ZnO remaining at 500&#xa0;°C following organic decomposition. Scanning electron microscopy revealed agglomerated nanograins with rough surface morphology, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the elemental composition of ZnO with trace phytochemical residues. The results confirm that <i>O. sanctum</i>-derived ZnO nanoparticles are thermally stable and exhibit strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, highlighting their potential as eco-friendly sustainable materials for dental and biomedical applications.</p>

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Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Ocimum Sanctum Leaves: Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Thermal Studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月21日

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  • Om Pavan Patil,
  • T. Raja,
  • G. Dhanraj,
  • K. B. Prabhalakshmi

摘要

The rising incidence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm-related infections necessitates the development of sustainable antimicrobial nanomaterials. In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were green-synthesized using aqueous Ocimum sanctum leaf extract and systematically characterized for biomedical relevance. The nanoparticles were examined using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg, yielding inhibition zones of 28 mm and 41 mm, respectively, exceeding that of streptomycin (39 mm at 10 µg). Antibiofilm efficacy was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, which revealed significant biofilm disruption, membrane damage, and extracellular polymeric matrix degradation in nanoparticle-treated samples. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated good thermal stability, with approximately 15% residual inorganic ZnO remaining at 500 °C following organic decomposition. Scanning electron microscopy revealed agglomerated nanograins with rough surface morphology, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the elemental composition of ZnO with trace phytochemical residues. The results confirm that O. sanctum-derived ZnO nanoparticles are thermally stable and exhibit strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, highlighting their potential as eco-friendly sustainable materials for dental and biomedical applications.