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<p>AZ91D, a magnesium alloy, is an attractive material for use in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical sectors due to its low density and high strength-to-weight ratio. Yet, the wear resistance of the material limits wider applications. This review evaluates recent strategies for improving the tribological performance of AZ91D-based composites produced through casting, powder metallurgy, microwave sintering, and friction stir processing. Herein, a thorough review of reinforcement strategies that include ceramic particulates (e.g., SiC, B₄C, Al₂O₃), a metallic phase (Cu, Ti), carbon-based nanostructures, and more environmentally friendly reinforcements (e.g., fly ash, and short carbon fiber) were discussed. Furthermore, the primary mechanisms governing wear of AZ91D and its composites under various loading conditions and environmental conditions, supplemented with evidence from reported works. Emphasis is placed on sustainable processing techniques and hybrid reinforcement approaches for next-generation applications. The integration of tailored microstructures, advanced processing, and eco-efficient reinforcement has been identified as a pathway to extend the service life and functional performance of AZ91D composites in demanding environments.</p>

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Wear-Resistant AZ91D Magnesium Composites: A Review on Manufacturing Techniques, Reinforcement Strategies, and Tribological Performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月17日

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  • R. Harsha,
  • Vignesh Packkirisamy,
  • Arunkumar Thirugnanasambandam

摘要

AZ91D, a magnesium alloy, is an attractive material for use in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical sectors due to its low density and high strength-to-weight ratio. Yet, the wear resistance of the material limits wider applications. This review evaluates recent strategies for improving the tribological performance of AZ91D-based composites produced through casting, powder metallurgy, microwave sintering, and friction stir processing. Herein, a thorough review of reinforcement strategies that include ceramic particulates (e.g., SiC, B₄C, Al₂O₃), a metallic phase (Cu, Ti), carbon-based nanostructures, and more environmentally friendly reinforcements (e.g., fly ash, and short carbon fiber) were discussed. Furthermore, the primary mechanisms governing wear of AZ91D and its composites under various loading conditions and environmental conditions, supplemented with evidence from reported works. Emphasis is placed on sustainable processing techniques and hybrid reinforcement approaches for next-generation applications. The integration of tailored microstructures, advanced processing, and eco-efficient reinforcement has been identified as a pathway to extend the service life and functional performance of AZ91D composites in demanding environments.