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<p>Although exposure to trauma generates considerable risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms at some point after, most traumatized people fully recover, many experience no clinically significant levels of distress, and some experience posttraumatic growth (PTG). The Psychological Flexibility Model may provide a coherent account of these disparate outcomes. The current study examined relationships between acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) constructs of psychological flexibility and inflexibility, their component processes, PTSD symptom severity, and PTG in a sample of 266 U.S. military veterans. Results indicated that both psychological inflexibility and flexibility predicted unique variance in PTSD symptoms and PTG. Furthermore, of the ACT component processes, cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance, inaction, and lack of contact with the present moment all contributed to PTSD symptom severity, whereas the values clarity, lack of contact with the present moment, and present moment awareness contributed to PTG. These results suggest that psychological flexibility and inflexibility repertoires relate to positive and negative markers of functioning after experience with trauma in predictable ways. Addressing these repertoires in a strategic manner via therapy, such as those featured in ACT, may enhance existing trauma-focused PTSD treatments.</p>

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Examining Relations among Psychological Flexibility, Psychological Inflexibility, and Positive and Negative Outcomes of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月15日

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  • Dustin Seidler,
  • Morgan C. Battle,
  • Chad E. Drake

摘要

Although exposure to trauma generates considerable risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms at some point after, most traumatized people fully recover, many experience no clinically significant levels of distress, and some experience posttraumatic growth (PTG). The Psychological Flexibility Model may provide a coherent account of these disparate outcomes. The current study examined relationships between acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) constructs of psychological flexibility and inflexibility, their component processes, PTSD symptom severity, and PTG in a sample of 266 U.S. military veterans. Results indicated that both psychological inflexibility and flexibility predicted unique variance in PTSD symptoms and PTG. Furthermore, of the ACT component processes, cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance, inaction, and lack of contact with the present moment all contributed to PTSD symptom severity, whereas the values clarity, lack of contact with the present moment, and present moment awareness contributed to PTG. These results suggest that psychological flexibility and inflexibility repertoires relate to positive and negative markers of functioning after experience with trauma in predictable ways. Addressing these repertoires in a strategic manner via therapy, such as those featured in ACT, may enhance existing trauma-focused PTSD treatments.