The Forces that Shape Human Behavior: Combining the Behavior Analysis Approach with Social Science Knowledge for a More Exhaustive Framework to Analyze and Change Human Behavior
摘要
If we develop the main point of behavior analysis that human behavior is shaped by its environments or contexts, then we must be sure of covering all the main contexts that can shape human behavior in research and practice. Drawing on social sciences observations, this article categorizes these into three “forces” that shape human behavior simultaneously and independently. The forces are (1) societal forces which include economic, legal, bureaucratic, and political shaping; (2) group or cultural forces, which work by groups pooling their resources and social relationships to shape members’ behavior; and (3) interpersonal forces that work in face-to-face interactions to exchange resources through social relationships and thereby shape behaviors. These three can be distinguished by their different forms of operation, because they do not all operate through immediate contingent reinforcement and punishment, and their distinguishing social properties are presented in tables derived from the vast knowledge of the social sciences. Language has no force to shape on its own but usurps and hides the other three forces to make it look like discourses are directly shaping human behavior. The way this strategically operates accounts for the many unusual properties of language. The categorization into three forces is not the most important point of the article, however, because the categories will always overlap and be disguised in strategic ways. Rather, the main point is for the three forces be utilized when trying to analyze and change human behaviors to make sure that all sources of shaping have been researched and changed, and the tables can be used for this. This formulation tries to expand the main point of behavior analysis for human behavior by using the knowledge of the social sciences.