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<p>The wake effect in wind farms (WFs) reduces wind speed and increases turbulence intensity downstream, diminishing the power output of downstream wind turbines (WTs) while elevating failure risks and operational costs. To address this, an active wake optimization model considering fatigue damage is proposed in this paper. In order to achieve real-time quantification of fatigue damage within the objective function, an improved rainflow counting method is introduced, enabling accurate and efficient computation. Based on this methodology, the optimization problem is effectively solved. The results demonstrate that the proposed fatigue damage calculation method, when integrated into active wake optimization, can significantly increase the overall output power of the WF while simultaneously reducing cumulative fatigue damage. This approach provides valuable technical support for the efficient and reliable operation of wind farms.</p> Graphical abstract <p>This study presents an active wake optimization framework for wind farms that explicitly accounts for turbine fatigue damage. By integrating an improved rainflow counting method with real-time capability, the approach simultaneously increases wind farm power output and reduces cumulative fatigue damage, enabling more efficient and reliable wind farm operation under realistic conditions.</p> <p></p>

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Active wake optimization for wind farms considering turbine fatigue damage based on improved rainflow counting method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Nan Jiang,
  • Yanbo Che,
  • Yuqian Qi,
  • Shangyuan Zhang,
  • Lei Wang

摘要

The wake effect in wind farms (WFs) reduces wind speed and increases turbulence intensity downstream, diminishing the power output of downstream wind turbines (WTs) while elevating failure risks and operational costs. To address this, an active wake optimization model considering fatigue damage is proposed in this paper. In order to achieve real-time quantification of fatigue damage within the objective function, an improved rainflow counting method is introduced, enabling accurate and efficient computation. Based on this methodology, the optimization problem is effectively solved. The results demonstrate that the proposed fatigue damage calculation method, when integrated into active wake optimization, can significantly increase the overall output power of the WF while simultaneously reducing cumulative fatigue damage. This approach provides valuable technical support for the efficient and reliable operation of wind farms.

Graphical abstract

This study presents an active wake optimization framework for wind farms that explicitly accounts for turbine fatigue damage. By integrating an improved rainflow counting method with real-time capability, the approach simultaneously increases wind farm power output and reduces cumulative fatigue damage, enabling more efficient and reliable wind farm operation under realistic conditions.