<p>Changes in global oil prices, along with growing concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and global warming, have encouraged researchers to optimize sea transportation routes. The main objectives of ship route optimization are to reduce fuel consumption and minimize greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO₂. This article reviews and interprets previous studies conducted in this field. Given the wide range of factors involved in ship route optimization, such as weather conditions and vessel speed, a comprehensive review can be both useful and practical. The study examines various research areas, including weather, environmental factors, speed, and fuel consumption prediction. In addition to the main optimization domains, other related topics in the shipping industry, such as ship collisions, route planning, navigation in icy conditions, and ship design, are also discussed. Particular attention is given to predicting fuel consumption, especially through the application of machine learning techniques. The final section explores the use of emerging technologies and tools in sea transportation, including blockchain and digital twin technologies, among others. At the end of each section, key findings, research gaps, and recommendations are presented. Overall, this comprehensive review provides a valuable reference that enables researchers, companies, and other stakeholders to quickly identify and access topics relevant to their interests and needs.</p>