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<p>The Almyros groundwater system in Magnesia, Greece, is experiencing significant nitrate contamination, exacerbated by intensive agricultural activities, particularly in rural and coastal zones. This study aims to identify nitrate-vulnerable areas by applying and comparing three vulnerability assessment models: DRASTIC, Canter, and modified models incorporating land use factors alongside the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The analysis spans three timeframes 1992–1997, 2004–2009, and 2010–2015 to capture temporal changes in nitrate vulnerability. Results show that coastal zones consistently exhibit high nitrate vulnerability across all models and study periods. Approximately 40% of the aquifer area is classified as high-risk, with average risk values ranging from 17 to 20%. To validate the models, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted by comparing observed nitrate concentrations with the vulnerability indices. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.38 to 0.70, with the DRASTIC-LU-AHP Average index demonstrating the strongest correlation and the Canter-LU index showing the weakest. Based on these findings, the DRASTIC-LU-AHP Average index is concluded to be the most reliable method for assessing nitrate contamination risk in the Almyros aquifer. This study highlights the value of integrating land use data and AHP to enhance the accuracy of nitrate vulnerability assessments.</p>

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Enhanced Vulnerability Assessment of the Almyros Aquifer: Integrating DRASTIC-LU, Canter-LU, and AHP for Nitrate Pollution Risk

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Sibianka Lepuri,
  • Athanasios Loukas,
  • Aikaterini Lyra,
  • Pantelis Sidiropoulos

摘要

The Almyros groundwater system in Magnesia, Greece, is experiencing significant nitrate contamination, exacerbated by intensive agricultural activities, particularly in rural and coastal zones. This study aims to identify nitrate-vulnerable areas by applying and comparing three vulnerability assessment models: DRASTIC, Canter, and modified models incorporating land use factors alongside the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The analysis spans three timeframes 1992–1997, 2004–2009, and 2010–2015 to capture temporal changes in nitrate vulnerability. Results show that coastal zones consistently exhibit high nitrate vulnerability across all models and study periods. Approximately 40% of the aquifer area is classified as high-risk, with average risk values ranging from 17 to 20%. To validate the models, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted by comparing observed nitrate concentrations with the vulnerability indices. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.38 to 0.70, with the DRASTIC-LU-AHP Average index demonstrating the strongest correlation and the Canter-LU index showing the weakest. Based on these findings, the DRASTIC-LU-AHP Average index is concluded to be the most reliable method for assessing nitrate contamination risk in the Almyros aquifer. This study highlights the value of integrating land use data and AHP to enhance the accuracy of nitrate vulnerability assessments.