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<p>Due to the escalating issue of antibiotic resistance, there has been a growing demand for innovative approaches which would enhance the efficacy of antimicrobial agents. This study investigates the synergistic effects which result from the combination of aminoglycoside antibiotics (tobramycin and kanamycin) with plant-derived surfactants (licorice and calendula extracts) at various pH levels, with particular focus placed on their effect against <i>Escherichia coli</i>. In order to elucidate the bacterial responses to the studied treatment, shifts in the membrane fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), as well as permeability were assessed and complemented by principal component analysis (PCA). Based on the obtained results, it was established that tobramycin combined with licorice extract (crude or purified) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, particularly at pH 6. Additionally, the purified extracts outperformed crude extracts in terms of bacterial growth inhibition. Combined treatments significantly increased bacterial membrane permeability and decreased CSH, which enhanced the action of antibiotics. pH of the environment surrounding the cells modulated these effects, as changes of this parameter influenced both antibiotic efficacy and bacterial response dynamics. This study highlights the potential of plant-derived surfactants as natural adjuvants which can be used to improve aminoglycoside efficacy by enhancing membrane permeability and altering bacterial surface properties. These findings offer a promising strategy to lower antibiotic doses, reduce their environmental impact and mitigate the development of resistance. The role of pH as a critical modulator underscores its importance as a factor which can be used to optimize antibiotic-plant extract combinations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.</p>

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Plant Surfactants and Acidic pH Increase the Activity of Tobramycin and Kanamycin Against Escherichia coli

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月16日

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  • Aleksandra Makiej,
  • Olga Bursztyn,
  • Agnieszka Nowak,
  • Urszula Guzik,
  • Wojciech Smułek,
  • Ewa Kaczorek

摘要

Due to the escalating issue of antibiotic resistance, there has been a growing demand for innovative approaches which would enhance the efficacy of antimicrobial agents. This study investigates the synergistic effects which result from the combination of aminoglycoside antibiotics (tobramycin and kanamycin) with plant-derived surfactants (licorice and calendula extracts) at various pH levels, with particular focus placed on their effect against Escherichia coli. In order to elucidate the bacterial responses to the studied treatment, shifts in the membrane fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), as well as permeability were assessed and complemented by principal component analysis (PCA). Based on the obtained results, it was established that tobramycin combined with licorice extract (crude or purified) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, particularly at pH 6. Additionally, the purified extracts outperformed crude extracts in terms of bacterial growth inhibition. Combined treatments significantly increased bacterial membrane permeability and decreased CSH, which enhanced the action of antibiotics. pH of the environment surrounding the cells modulated these effects, as changes of this parameter influenced both antibiotic efficacy and bacterial response dynamics. This study highlights the potential of plant-derived surfactants as natural adjuvants which can be used to improve aminoglycoside efficacy by enhancing membrane permeability and altering bacterial surface properties. These findings offer a promising strategy to lower antibiotic doses, reduce their environmental impact and mitigate the development of resistance. The role of pH as a critical modulator underscores its importance as a factor which can be used to optimize antibiotic-plant extract combinations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.