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<p>Two decades later, crisis events like the Columbine Shooting, the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and Hurricane Katrina continue to inform the crisis prevention and intervention training of mental health crisis responders, including school psychologists through NASP’s PREPaRE curriculum. Although we are quickly approaching the five-year anniversary of the COVID-19 pandemic onset, analysis of data collected during the pandemic can similarly help inform educators and mental health providers about risk, resiliency, and prevention knowledge specific to pandemics for years to come. In a survey of 1,363 parents in Appalachia, the current investigation assessed the social, cognitive/academic, emotional, and physical functioning of children during the pandemic with special emphasis on sex and age differences. Irritability was the most commonly reported emotional symptom (46%) for all age groups. Within the cognitive/academic domain, increased stress, confusion about school work, and concentration difficulties were reported, with some differences for the 2–5&#xa0;year group. The top-ranked issue within the interpersonal domain was despair over the loss of activities (27%), with social isolation and withdrawal being less frequent in younger children. Trouble sleeping (28%) was the most problematic physical symptom for all age groups. Gender differences were apparent for fear/anxiety/worry, depression, oversensitivity, panic attacks, headaches, and stomachaches, changes in appetite, refusal to do school tasks, aggression, acting younger than age, with females showing more internalizing symptoms. Future replications and examinations by age and sex are needed to examine both the cumulative and domain-specific crisis reactions of youth associated with pandemics in larger geographical areas, as well as symptoms disaggregated by disability status and type.</p>

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COVID-19 Crisis Reactions by Age and Sex among Appalachian Children and Youth

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月19日

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  • R. Lanai Jennings,
  • Sandra S. Stroebel,
  • Janna Leeper,
  • Adrian Creel,
  • Amy McGuire,
  • Timothy Melvin,
  • Jason Chirgwin

摘要

Two decades later, crisis events like the Columbine Shooting, the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and Hurricane Katrina continue to inform the crisis prevention and intervention training of mental health crisis responders, including school psychologists through NASP’s PREPaRE curriculum. Although we are quickly approaching the five-year anniversary of the COVID-19 pandemic onset, analysis of data collected during the pandemic can similarly help inform educators and mental health providers about risk, resiliency, and prevention knowledge specific to pandemics for years to come. In a survey of 1,363 parents in Appalachia, the current investigation assessed the social, cognitive/academic, emotional, and physical functioning of children during the pandemic with special emphasis on sex and age differences. Irritability was the most commonly reported emotional symptom (46%) for all age groups. Within the cognitive/academic domain, increased stress, confusion about school work, and concentration difficulties were reported, with some differences for the 2–5 year group. The top-ranked issue within the interpersonal domain was despair over the loss of activities (27%), with social isolation and withdrawal being less frequent in younger children. Trouble sleeping (28%) was the most problematic physical symptom for all age groups. Gender differences were apparent for fear/anxiety/worry, depression, oversensitivity, panic attacks, headaches, and stomachaches, changes in appetite, refusal to do school tasks, aggression, acting younger than age, with females showing more internalizing symptoms. Future replications and examinations by age and sex are needed to examine both the cumulative and domain-specific crisis reactions of youth associated with pandemics in larger geographical areas, as well as symptoms disaggregated by disability status and type.